20 
copper carbonate should be of the “precipitated” form, and is worth 
at retail about 65 cents per pound. The ammonia should be of a 
strength of 22° Baum6, and should be procured in a glass or earthen 
vessel and kept tightly corked, preferably with a rubber cork. 
Four ounces of the copper carbonate and 1 gallon of ammonia will 
be sufficient to give about fifty large or seventy-five medium-sized trees 
one thorough spraying. As four or five treatments will be needed for 
a thorough application of the remedy the amount of the materials re¬ 
quired for any given orchard may be readily computed. 
The best formula that can be given in the present state of our knowl¬ 
edge is to dissolve one ounce of the copper carbonate in one quart of 
ammonia, and dilute this, when ready to commence the application, with 
25 gallons of water. 
WHEN TO MAKE THE APPLICATIONS. 
In the experiments made the past season in Mr. Hatch’s orchard the 
first application was made after the petals of the flowers had fallen, 
and when the young apples were slightly larger than peas. But it is 
the opinion of Mr. Hatch and myself that one spraying before the flowers 
had opened would have proved beneficial. I would recommend, there¬ 
fore, one treatment just before the flowers open, a second after, the petals 
have entirely fallen, and others at intervals of two or three weeks until 
midsummer, or after, if the latter part of summer should be wet. 
APPARATUS EOR SPRAYING-. 
For applying the liquid to the trees, a force-pump, to which is attached 
a few feet of hose, fitted at the end with a spraying nozzle, will be needed. 
Excellent pumps are now made by the larger manufacturers expressly 
for spraying purposes, fitted with all necessary attachments, and cost¬ 
ing $10 and upwards. Smaller pumps, which would answer fairly well 
for a few trees, may be had at from $2 to $10 each. 
The same pump which is used for treating the trees for the apple 
scab may of course be used for applying poisons for the codling moth 
and other insects. Unfortunately it will not be prudent to add the 
copper carbonate solution to the same water that is used in applying 
Paris green or London purple, as the ammonia renders the arsenic 
more or less soluble and thus the latter would be liable to injure the 
foliage. But if applied a few hours in advance of the water containing 
the arsenites, no harm can result from this source. 
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER EXPERIMENTS. 
The time at which the applications should commence, the number 
that should be made, and the amouut of copper carbonate to be used 
to accomplish the greatest benefit at the least cost, remain to be 
settled by experiment. 
