91 
Nixon Nozzle and Machine Company, of Dayton, Ohio. The Eureka 
and Japy are knapsack pumps, each holding about 4 gallons. The 
Little Giant is a cart machine holding 40 gallons and is designed to 
be drawn by hand. After a careful test of all the machines the Little 
Giant was selected as the one best adapted to our wants. It was 
provided with 16 feet of hose, and owing to the manner in which the 
vines were trained this enabled us to treat 4 rows at a time. There is 
no doubt that the knapsack pumps are less wasteful than the Nixon 
machine, and when arrangements can be made for properly filling them 
without loss of time they will doubtless be found as effectual and econ¬ 
omical for reasonably small vineyards as any pumps now in use. Of 
course, for large vineyards one should have a machine capable of util¬ 
izing horse power. Throughout the experiments we used the Improved 
Vermorel nozzle and lance, which has already been figured and de¬ 
scribed in the published reports of this Division.* 
Relative value of the treatments .—During the entire work an endeavor 
was made to have the conditions for all the plats as nearly alike as pos¬ 
sible, in order that at the harvest the percentage showing the relative 
value of the treatments might be obtained. For reasons already given 
the total yields for the various plats were not to be relied upon, hence 
the following plan was adopted for determining the effects of the spray¬ 
ings. 
On July 30, when it was evident that no further changes due to the 
disease would occur in the fruit, the different plats were carefully ex¬ 
amined and every bunch counted. As the counting proceeded the 
bunches were divided into two classes, namely, diseased and healthy. 
Every bunch showing five or more diseased berries was classed as dis¬ 
eased, while all bunches having less than five diseased berries were 
counted healthy. Assuming that all of the diseased bunches were lost , 
we were able by a single calculation to get the percentage of fruit saved 
for each plat. A comparison of these percentages shows the value of 
the various treatments. The only source of error in such a calculation 
is that some of the treated bunches might have become diseased and 
dropped from the vines before the count was made. This would have 
been serious had it not been carefully noted, at frequent intervals during 
the entire work, that the treated sections scarcely lost a berry. 
Below are given the results of the count as above described : 
Plat I. 
Treated with Bordeaux mixture. 
Number of vines. 203 
Total number of bunches. 2,289 
Number of diseased bunches. 19 
Number of healthy bunches. 2,270 
Per cent, saved. 99. 2 
* Journal of Mycology, vol. C, No. ii, p. 57. Circular No. 8. 
