Scratch and polish one or two sides of 
stones, but cannot roll them, and which 
can carry the biggest blocks with the 
same ease as the smallest, and which 
cannot sort its load, bijt drops every¬ 
thing indiscriminately when and where 
it melts. 
The lamlders in this conglomerate were 
of all sizes. In places they were few; 
in other places they were so many that 
they made up the bulk of the rock, thus 
forming what is known as “tillite." They 
consisted of various granites, red ami 
grey, porphyries, slates, <|uartzites, mica 
schists, and conglomerates. In many 
places it was evident that they had been 
dropped from floating ice into soft mud 
and the compressing of the mud as tiny 
dumped into - ‘-an bo seen in the solid 
rock to-day. These rocks form the 
series of ridges between the camp site 
and Tasmania's memorial, and evidently 
extend some distance inland. 
They dip to the west, and at the east¬ 
ern end of the cliffs can he seen some 
hods of linn stone underlying the glacial 
conglomerates. This is largely made up of 
tlie remains of shells and other marine 
life, much of which is preserved as excel¬ 
lent fossils. Most prominent of these is 
the common spirifera, a shell resembling 
a moth with outspread wings. There 
me many species and many sizes. The 
ancestors of our scallops, the avicula- 
pecteus, are common, and the large 
curedesmare forbears of cur oyster. Both 
of these genius can lie easily distin¬ 
guished by their resemblance to their 
living descendants. The productue is 
another common form—a small, round 
shell, with its outside covered with fine 
spines, like a modern sea urchin. These 
are seldom preserved, but the stumps 
can always lie seen. The stropholosia. 
with its interior like the inside of a 
hakia seed; also many fine specimens of 
small, coral-like colonies of minute ani¬ 
mals are preserved. Some with branching 
arms, sometimes a foot long, and re¬ 
sembling a plant, are the stenopera 
Another kind are the ancestors of the 
so-called “sea mats.” common on the 
rocks to-day. Sumo specimens of thesc 
tKenestella erimtia) were seen 12 inches 
in diameter, and resembling a piece »i 
fossil wood. These are really remark¬ 
able specimens. 
At. Du nnlley the canal lias been cUt 
through a bed of clay of Tertiary age 
Much of this contains a high percentage 
of iron haematite-—evidently carried up 
by percolating water from the decom¬ 
posing diabase not far bellow. The abo¬ 
rigines used the “red ochre” for orna¬ 
menting their bodies. The iron often 
collects round grains of sand, and this 
in turn attracts more, Until a small 
round pebble is formed, consisting of a 
high percentage of haematite, and known 
as “buckshot gravel.” It is a common 
feature of these tertiary deposits, and 
can be seen covering the ground all 
round Diinaliey. It makes excellent road 
material, and is so u sed round Dunalley, 
as also on the main road in Bpping 
Forest. 
The fertile hills at the back of Bream 
Creek are a pleasant sight from the 
camp. These are the remains of an 
cient (pliocene) volcanoes, and the fer¬ 
tility of that district is due to tie- 
basalt which poured out as lava, and 
which is rich in plant foods, and also is 
very easily weathered. 
Recent deposits are in evidence in the 
long sandy beaches backed by dunes, and 
in the swamps behind them. The tide 
carries the rock particles from the elifl’e 
along the coast. When it reaches a 
deep, cairn bay its pace is reduced, and 
thus its carrying power is checked, aim 
it drops some of these grains of sand. 
The ocean rollers work these to the. 
beach, and the seabreezes blow them in¬ 
land. In time this sand makes a bar 
right across the bay, and raises its head 
above the water as a sand spit, as we, 
s.iw at the entrance to Blackman's Bay. 
Sometimes it dams across the bay. and 
so tlie old arm of the sea gradually fills 
up. forming a lagoon in the process, as 
we saw at North Bay. it was in sueti 
places that most of the world’s supplies 
of coal were formed, and the constant 
blowing of the dune sand inland formed 
those layers of sandstone between the 
bands of coal that spoil so many of 
our seams. 
Readers are referred to a note the 
writer has given the Royal Society ot 
Tasmania on the most important geo¬ 
logical discovery made during the camp, 
and which space forbids to reproduce 
here. 
21 
