July 1905] 
Yearbook of Information , Etc. 
173 
Flax. Wilt, Fusarium Uni Bolley, was found by Jaczewski 
and Bolley in all the flax-growing regions of Russia. Melamp- 
sora lini Tub, a very destructive rust, occurred in Lifland, Pskofif 
and Smolensk governments. 
Tobacco. Mosaic disease, ascribed to Bacteria, occurred in 
Little Russia and Caucasus. Two spot diseases of the leaves were 
observed; Phyllosticta tabaci Pass, in Voronezh government and 
in Transcaucasus and Ascochyta nicotianae Pat. in Transcaucasus. 
In Crimea the seed-beds were ravaged by Pythium debaryanum 
Hesse. Burial of the diseased plants caused them to send out 
new roots above the point of injury and saved them. 
Sunflower. The rust, Puccini a tanaceti DC., from the sixties 
on has proved so destructive that culture of the sunflower had to 
be given up in some regions in Southern Russia. It is very 
abundant throughout all Southern Russia and even in Trans¬ 
caucasus. Experiments demonstrated that soaking the seeds 
2 to 3 hours in formalin (300 of water to 1 of the commercial 
strength) before sowing almost totally prevented the rust while 
untreated seeds from the same lot gave very badly rusted plants. 
Sclerotinia libertiana Fuck, was only locally injurious in 
Smolensk, Pskofif and Kursk governments, although in the wet 
season of 1902 it was very destructive. 
Mulberry. Sphaerella mori Fuckel on the leaves, Poly poms 
hispidus Fr., on the trunks and Dematophora necatrix R. Hartig 
on the roots occur widespread in Transcaucasus. 
Onion. Peronospora schleidenii Unger was injurious to the 
onion in Pskofif and Kursk governments. 
Spinach was attacked and almost completely destroyed by 
Peronospora effusa Rabh. at Tsarskoe Selo. In Smolensk gov¬ 
ernment Septoria spinaciae West, was harmful. 
Beet. Various fungi producing leaf spots were abundant in 
Western and Central Russia, viz: Cercospora beticola Sacc., 
Phyllosticta betae Oudem., and Septoria betae West. 
Poppy. Near Riga, in Transcaucasus, and in Kursk govern¬ 
ment Peronospora arborescens L. was abundant. 
Carrot. In Keletz government carrots suffered from the 
attacks of Sclerotinia libertiana Fuck. 
IV. FRUIT TREES. 
Apple. Rust, Gymno sporangium tremelloides R. Har.t., was 
abundant in Northwestern, Central and South Central Russia 
and in all Caucasus. It was not so severe as in 1901 when it 
literally defoliated the trees in Smolensk government. The te- 
leutospore host is Juniperus communis L. Scab, Fusicladium 
dendriticum Fuck, occurred wherever apples are grown in Russia. 
Monilia fructigena Pers. was abundant in Northwestern, Central, 
Western, Southwestern and Southern Russia and in Caucasus. 
