188 
Journal of Mycology 
[Vol. 11 
Bolley has been able to germinate as high as eighty to ninety per 
cent, of all the spores under test — the experiments being carried 
on with Puccinia graminis exposed to the drying winds of autumn 
and the intense cold of a North Dakota winter. He found the 
spores successfully surviving upon dead leaves, dead straw and 
upon the partially dead or green leaves of living grain or grasses. 
He further says: “The matter of the barberry stage and other 
aecidial rusts may yet be proved to be of physiological necessity 
for the perpetuation of the species, but it would seem that these 
need no longer be believed to be a direct yearly necessity to the 
perpetuation of the rusts concerned.” 
Concerning the identity of the Fungi causing an an- 
thracnose of the Sweet-pea and the Bitter-rot of the Apple, is 
the title of an article in Science, N. S. 22: 51-2, July 14, 1905, by 
John L. Sheldon, of the West Virginia Agriculaural Experiment 
Station. This recounts in brief inoculation work by an assistant 
which will be published in full later. Mr. Sheldon says that he 
noticed that there was an occasional cell of the mycelium that con¬ 
tained spores, in appearance the same as those borne externally on 
the hyphae. The article ends with the following paragraph: “It 
would seem, then, from the results obtained, as if the bitter-rot 
of the apple, the ripe-rot of the grape, and the anthracnose of 
the sweet pea are caused by the same fungus. A stage correspond¬ 
ing to the ascigerous stage of the bitter-rot has not been obtained 
yet in artificial cultures.” 
How Much Plant Pathology ought a teacher of Bot¬ 
any to know is discussed in the August No. of the Plant 
World (1905). Some idea of the scope of this paper may 
be obtained from the principal sub-heads which are as follows: 
Plants are really living things; Some differences between Plants 
and Animals; Sources and Causes of Plant Diseases; General 
Nature of Fungi; Some Facts about Plant Diseases. 
In Meddelanden fran Stocki-iolms Hoegskolas Botanis- 
ka Institut, Band VI, 1903-4, we find the following mycological 
articles: G. Lagerheim, Zur Kentniss der Bulgaria globosa 
(Schmid.) Fr. (Sarcosoma globosum et S. platydiscus Auct.) ; 
O. Rosenberg, Ueber die Befruchtung von Plasmopara alpina 
(Johans.). 
An interesting note is found in Scince, N. S., 20:55-6, 
July 8, 1904, by H. A. Harding and F. C. Stewart, on the Vitality 
of Pseudomonas campestris (Pam.) Smith on Cabbage Seed. This 
species forms no spores; and it has been previously found that 
when fresh boullon cultures were dried at 29 0 C. on cover slips 
and kept in darkness an exposure of 45 hours invariably sufficed 
to destroy the vitality of the organism. The authors of the article 
have found that P. campestris may live on dry cabbage seed for 
