144 
Journal of Mycology 
[Vol. 10' 
ELEMENTARY MYCOLOGY. 
(Continued.) 
W. A. ICELLERMAN. 
This second installment of a brief treatise on fungi for be¬ 
ginners and general readers continues the General Outline of 
Plant Life and subsequent paragraphs will deal more particularly 
with the systematic classification of plants, to be followed by a 
discussion of the groups of fungi. 
Hypha£. — The minute structure of a fungus, or in fact that 
of any other plant, can not be understood without the aid of a 
microscope. If Bacteria are examined under a high power they 
will be found to consist of a body nearly transparent and having 
forms shown in the figures. Fig. i shows the circular form 
of Micrococcus; a Bacillus has the form indicated in Fig. 2, and 
a Spirillum like that of Fig. 3. Peculiar shapes and varying sizes, 
will be shown when the Yeast-plant is examined, Fig. 4. 
Figs. 1-4 Bacteria and Yeast. Fig. 1, Micrococcus; fig. 2, Bacillus; fig. 3» 
Spirillum; fig. 4, the Yeast plant. These and the subsequent figures are mere 
diagrams or outline sketches adapted from accurate figures in standard works or 
constructed from specimens, giving only such details as seem desirable in con¬ 
nection with the present purpose. 
A portion of a grape leaf in which the Grape-Mildew is grow¬ 
ing is shown in Fig. 5; the various roundish or angular cells of 
which the tissue of the leaf is composed and their protoplasmic 
granular contents are represented. There are shown also in the 
figure elongated or tubular cells, that ramify between the leaf- 
cells, and at one point they are seen to emerge from the leaf-pore 
or stomate; then they branch more or less profusely and finally 
bear roundish or oval bodies which are called the co-nid 3 -i-a, or 
spores of the fungus. All cells of which any fungus is composed, 
are called hy 3 -phae. A hypha may be very small, consisting of a 
single cell and that scarcely elongated. But in all except the sim¬ 
plest fungi the hyphae are usually much elongated and they often 
branch, sometimes very profusely. Each hypha may be a single 
