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have become specialized and stand on a higher level morphologically; 
or, as Brefeld puts it: 
The conidiopliore as a hasidium lias become typical and regular in form and segmenta¬ 
tion and especially in number of spores; the conidiopliore , in the narrower meaning of the 
word stands upon a lower level; it has not yet reached this typical regularity of form 
and in connection therewith the definite number of spores; in both it oscillates con¬ 
tinually and, influenced by suitable conditions, is large or small, is thickly covered 
on its lop with spores, or poor in spores, or reduced sometimes even to a single spore. 
From this and following statements it is clear that Brefeld considers 
the compound sporophores of Hymenomyeetous and Gastromycetons fungi 
as evolutions from earlier and simpler conidial forms, many of which 
still persist. The impossibility of deriving all these forms from one 
primitive stock is so apparent that he writes with a grim delight: 
Wo bleibt nun hier die Systematik do Barys, etc. 
and again more severely: 
Diese Systematik hat lidchstens noch den Anspruch, als ein Beispiel fort zn be- 
stelien, welches lehrt, wohin blosse Deductionen in der Systematik fiikren, wenn 
sie nicht auf dem Boden der vergleichende Morphologie stehen. 
