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tion Professor Taft reduced the solutions, using 1 pound to 12 gallons, 
after which he says there was no further injury to the foliage. 
The soluble sulphur powder was used in the proportion of 1 pound to 
10 gallons of water, but Professor Taft was not able to make the first 
application until June 6. Mr Bean also sent Professor Goff a concen¬ 
trated solution of the powder, which was diluted and used for three ap¬ 
plications to two trees, after which he was obliged to stop because he 
had exhausted the supply and received no more. 
The copper carbonate was prepared differently by the two. Profes¬ 
sor Taft used the usual formula, 3 ounces of copper carbonate dissolved 
in 1 quart of ammonia and the whole diluted to 22 gallons. It was 
used at this strength throughout the experiment, but produced a russet 
appearance on the fruit, and he recommends that it should be diluted 
to 28 instead of 22 gallons. 
Professor Goff procured the copper carbonate by precipitating it with 
carbonate of soda from a solution of copper sulphate. He found that 
only 1J ounces of the dried precipitate would dissolve in 1 quart of am¬ 
monia, and to this he added 90 parts water. At the sixth spraying (July 
24) he observed that the apples had assumed a russet appearance from 
some injury to the epidermis. For the sixth and seventh spraying he 
reduced it one-half, that is diluted it 180 times. 
Professor Taft prepared the eau celeste as follows: He dissolved 2 
pounds of copper sulphate in hot water, and in another vessel dissolved 
24 pounds carbonate of soda; tiie two were mixed and diluted to 22 gal¬ 
lons, 34 pints of ammonia being added before using. This also gave a 
russet appearance to the fruit, and he recommends the use of 30 or 32 
gallons of water instead of 22. 
On the sixth application Professor Taft only sprayed one tree with 
each solution, leaving one unsprayed in each case, He made the last 
application August 1, and Mr. Hatch made the last application for 
Professor Goff on August 30. 
Results .—The copper solutions remained persistently on the leaves, 
even resisting heavy showers which washed off all traces of the sulphur 
compounds, and when the leaves fell in October traces of copper could 
still be seen on them. 
Scab was first noted at Lansing on the fourth application, June 25, 
when it had made its appearance on all the trees, but was noticeably 
less on those sprayed with the copper solutions, and less on the other 
treated trees than on the untreated ones. 
At time of harvesting Professor Taft picked all the apples on the 
trees and assorted them into three lots, of first, second, and third 
quality. The first class contained those free from scab, the second those 
slightly scabby but not distorted or under size, the third those that 
were distorted or under size. Those in each class were counted and 
the percentage which they formed of the whole estimated. 
At Ithaca, Wis., the apples were not all picked, but a market-basket 
