136 
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF NOTTINGHAM. 
Leen. Each of these formations, save the Kenper Basement 
Beds, which are scarcely at all exposed at the surface of the 
ground, is well represented, and is indicated in the map by a 
separate colour and index sign, the latter being the same, and 
the colours mostly the same, as those used on the maps of 
the Government Geological Survey. As might be expected, 
the boundaries of the formations are represented in more 
detail than could be expected on the one-inch-to-a-mile scale, 
besides possessing the advantage of having been traced by 
one who, through living on the spot, was able to profit by 
the excavations continually being made in the neighbourhood 
during a long course of years. The “ faults ” are all carefully 
traced, and although their course is only indicated by a black 
line, the same as the boundaries of the formations, the 
abrupt termination of a patch of colour along a more or less 
straight line indicates pretty clearly where the boundary is a 
line of fault. A marked feature of the map is the broad strip 
of alluvium of the Trent that runs across the bottom of the 
map. This is of course indicated by the orthodox “ flying 
crows,” a single crow indicating areas where the surface, is 
composed of silt or brick-earth, three crows where it is known 
to be composed of gravel. And so with regard to the alluvium 
of the Leen ; though these minutiae have been somehow omit¬ 
ted from the index. The occurrence of drift-sand, clay, and 
gravel is indicated by those words printed on the map where 
such deposits were observed. From the frequent recurrence 
of the terms “ drift-sand,” “ drift-sand and pebbles,” and so 
on, on the west side of the borough, while they are absent on 
the higher ground of the east, we gather that what drift there 
is occurs along the west side of the area covered by the 
map. Most of the quarries and gravel pits on the west side 
of the borough appear to be marked on the map, while arrows 
show the direction of the dip of the rocks. But the positions 
of the brickyards, which we happen to know exist on the 
east, and where the Upper and Lower Keuper are well exposed, 
are unfortunately omitted. This, we understand, was owing 
to a fear lest the geological information should crowd 
out or interfere with the other features the map was 
designed to illustrate. The map is described as made “from 
the Ordnance plan, re-surveyed and amended in detail 
by J. Shipman, of Nottingham, and approved by W. 
Talbot Aveline, F.G.S., &c.” Indeed, Mr. Aveline, we are 
informed, guarantees its accuracy. But this scarcely does 
justice to the extent of Mr. Shipman’s labours, as anyone 
may see for themselves by comparing the map with the one-inch 
map (71 N.E.) of the Government Survey. The map contains 
