THE ETHICS OF SOCIOLOGY. 
187 
to its final height, streams of yellow granules may be seen 
proceeding upwards, like the lines of longitude on a globe, as 
represented in Fig. 12 ; finally the granules become arranged 
in an annular zone (Fig. 8 cl), in close contiguity to the wall 
of the swelling, just beneath the circle of junction with the 
columella. Besides this another mass usually accumulates 
at the point where the swelling shades into the stem, in the 
form of a horizontal yellow disc, thinner towards the middle 
than at the circumference, and probably always still leaving 
a slight opening of communication in the centre between the 
stem and the swelling (Fig. 12a). This was mistaken by 
Coemans for a septum. 
In the other parts of the stem and swelling the walls are 
lined by a layer of protoplasm (Fig. 12) containing few 
granules, and in consequence appearing almost colourless. 
The central space is filled by a fluid like water, but of greater 
refractive index; it is this that condenses the light, so as to 
produce that beautiful effulgency by which the tiny individuals 
of Pilobolus attract attention, and which seems to be similar to 
the corresponding phenomenon so well known in the case of 
the “ cavern-moss,” Schistoster/a osmundacea. 
(To be continued.) 
THE ETHICS OF SOCIOLOGY.* 
BY W. H. FRANCE. 
It may be, and probably is, thought that what I am about 
to read, especially under such a title as “ The Ethics of 
Sociology,” is more suited to the Sociological Section. As a 
matter of fact it was indeed penned with that intention, and 
for that and other reasons I must ask you to be good enough, 
for a short time this evening, to fancy yourselves members 
of that section. 
We have heard of the man who, without knowing it, 
was addicted to expressing himself m prose. I know that 
there are many amongst us who, though in some cases quite 
unconsciously, are very creditable Sociologists. It will be 
sufficient for our purposes this evening for me to define a 
Sociologist to be one who, conscious of social defects, is 
desirous of social remedies. 
That definition is, I venture to hope and believe, of suffi¬ 
cient breadth to provide comfortable space for everyone here 
this evening. 
* Transactions of the Birmingham Natural History and Micro¬ 
scopical Society. Read April 1st, 1884. 
