250 
THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY. 
remains were found in this vault, and also several fragments 
of an ancient stone reredos, the gilding and colouring of 
which were remarkably fresh and bright when they were 
first discovered. It must have been a beautiful work of art, 
either of pointed or early decorated design. Unfortunately 
no two fragments seem to fit each other, so that it is not easy 
to restore it even conjecturally. 
When speaking of the Saxon building I ought to have 
mentioned that in the foundation or interior of the eastern 
piers a few fragments of Saxon moulded work were found, 
such as perforated slabs of windows, doorjambs, and lintels, 
and one very interesting and richly carved fragment of a 
capital, almost unquestionably Roman. This may have been 
brought from Castor, but it is curious that no other frag¬ 
ment of Roman work has been discovered. All these relics 
of various ages and workmanship have been carefully 
preserved and will be shown by Mr. Irvine, the Clerk of the 
Works, to any members of the Union who may wish to inspect 
them. 
THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY. 
BY HERBERT SPENCER. 
EXPOSITION OF CHAPTER II., PART II. 
BY W. W. COLLINS. 
Development . 
At the commencement of this extremely interesting 
chapter, Mr. Spencer is careful to point out in a foot-note 
that in ordinary speech Development is ofteu used as synony¬ 
mous with Growth, hence it is needful to say that Develop¬ 
ment as here used means increase of structure and not increase 
of bulk. 
Development is primarily central, every animal and every 
plant setting out in its earliest stage with a symmetrical 
arrangement of parts round a centre. Indeed, in organisms 
of the lowest grade no other mode of arrangement is ever 
definitely established. Examples of this type of structure 
may in the vegetal world be seen in the Uredo and several 
tribes of the Protococci, while in the animal kingdom it is 
exemplified by the Amoeba, Actinophrys, and their allies. 
