ON THE PILOBOLIDiE 
387 
base of the terminal sphere, so as to leave a small apophysis. This 
species produces, on the same mycelium, on short lateral recurved 
branches, stellate stylospores, which are colourless or faintly yellow, 
15—20/4 in diameter. 
On excrement of rats. 
France ; rare. July. 
II. PILAIRA, Van Tieghem. 
Stem erect, continuous, with no septum at the base, no 
swelling above. Sporange not projected, otherwise as in 
Pilobolus. A thick gelatinous layer between the spores and 
the columella. Spores as in Pilobolus. 
1.— PILAIRA CESATII, Van Tieghem. 
Pilobolus anornalus, Cesati in Klotzscli, “ Herb. Myc.,” No. 1542, 
cum descript. (1851)—Hoffmann, “Index Myc.,” p. 64 (I860)—Coemans, 
“ Monogr.,” p. 63 (1861)—Fuckel, “ Symb. Myc.,” p. 73 (1869); exs. 2203 
—Brefeld, “Bot. Unters.,” iv., 60-5, pi. 4, f. 18, 23-8 (1881), pro parte. 
Ascopliora Cesatii , Coemans, l.c., p. 65, pi. ii., f. E (1861). 
Pilobolus Mucedo , Brefeld, l.c., i., 27, pi. 1, f. 25, 6 (1872). 
Pilaira Cesatii, Van Tieghem, “Nouv. Rech. Muc.,” p. 52, pi. 1, 
f. 14-24 (1875)—Bainier, “ Etude,” p. 29, pi. 1, f. 16-8 (1882)—Grove, 
“ Journ. Bot.,” p. 132, pi. 245, f. 6 (1884). 
Stem tall, slender, cylindrical, colourless, becoming 
flexuose, sporange at first spherical, then hemispherical, black, 
with a small granular apophysis; columella hemispherical, 
colourless; spores oval, equal, yellowish in the mass, 
8-10/*x 6 / 4 .* (PI. vi., figs. 7, 8 .) 
Stem 1-2 cm. high, when the sporange is first formed, afterwards 
increasing to 10-12 cm. When the sporange dries somewhat, the 
apophysis disappears within as in Ascophora. This species produces 
zygotes which are black, oval, 100/^x120/4, adorned with numerous 
minute warts, formed by two unequal conjugating cells. 
On the dung of horse, ass, pig, rabbit, goose. 
England, France, Germany. Probably common. 
2.—PILAIRA NIGRESCENS, Van Tieghem. 
Pilaira nigrescens , Van Tieghem, “Nouv. Rech. Muc.,” p. 60, pi. 1,. 
f. 25-8 (1875)—Bainier, “Etude,” p. 32 (1882). 
Stem shorter, more slender; apophysis small; columella 
blackish ; spores splierial, unequal, 5-6/*, faintly yellowish in 
the mass. (PI. vi., fig. 9j. 
Distinguished by its spores, and its conical, bluish or violet-black 
columella. 
On excrement of rabbit. 
France; rare. 
* Coemans gives the size of the spores 13-16/4x10/4, Brefeld 
7 , 5/4x4 / a (according to the figure, but the text says: “*006 mm. 
broad ”); I found them 11-12/4 x lu. 
