254 
[July, 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
Dining-room by a single door, and in close proxim¬ 
ity to the rear entrance, and cellar stairway doors. 
It contains one large Closet, Range with elevated 
oven, warm-closet, and water-back, boiler, sink, 
and wash-tubs.—The Kitchen should be wains¬ 
coted three feet high, with s / f x3 inch ceiling- 
boards. The Clock, and Lamp Shelf should be put 
between the closet and hall doors, and not over the 
range. The advantage of having the kitchen on 
the same floor with the Dining-room, must be ap¬ 
parent to every one_The f*»eco5i«i 
plan, (fig. 4), is divided into four large Chambers, 
a child’s Bed-room, a Bath-room, five Closets, with 
a good-sized Hall.—The two front chambers are 
heated by hot-air from the “ fire-place heaters ” of 
the first story, so that they are always comfortable 
in the coldest weather. For many reasons we pre¬ 
fer the fireplace heaters over any other. They take 
little room, are cheerful in appearance, easy of 
management, and economical, requiring attention 
but twice in twenty-four hours, if hard coal is used. 
Each heater will keep two ordinary sized rooms 
comfortable in winter, and are not unsightly in 
summer. Like any other device for heating, the 
perfect and satisfactory results depend altogether 
on the manner of setting them. In no case should 
such a heater be expected to develop its full power 
when placed in a fireplace in so close proximity 
with the brick as to allow the hot air to strike 
against and be absorbed by them. The heater 
should be enclosed in a jacket of sheet-iron, having 
an eight-inch opening, and a collar at the top. At¬ 
tached to the collar and “built in” the chimney, 
should be an eight-inch tin pipe, connecting with 
the register-box in the second story. Above this 
box this flue should be entirely closed. The smoke- 
pipe should be four-inch, and pass up through the 
Fig. 5.— FRAMING OF BAT-WINDOW. 
eight-inch tin-pipe to the register-box, where an 
elbow should be put on, turning the smoke into the 
side flue adjoining. The side flue should have no 
other side openings.—The Bath Room has Bath¬ 
tub, Seat Closet, Wash-basin, with cold and hot 
water faucets. Each chamber to the right of the 
hall to have wash-basins.—These chambers have 
marble mantel shelves, resting on plaster trusses, 
at an expense of six dollars each, which answer the 
purpose that a twenty-dollar mantel would, and are 
really more cheerful and appropriate for such 
rooms....The At4ic is reached by the enclosed 
stairway, and is arranged so that two or four Bed¬ 
rooms may be “ finished off” as required. The 
Tank is placed on the floor over the Bath-rooms, and 
is supplied partly from the roof, and partly by the 
force-pump in the kitchen. All the remaining 
space in the Attic may be used for storage, etc. 
The room is 7 x 7 feet, reached by alight 
stairway. The head-room is made to subserve the 
purpose of a stand or table, so that really very little 
room is taken away by the stairs_Very few peo¬ 
ple have any definite idea of the expense of the 
separate items that are comprehended under the 
head of ! D SlilSBsl><?a•s , Woe-Ic, The following 
estimate in detail of Plumbing, required in this 
house, gives facts and figures enough to enable any 
one to decide just how much plumbing can be done 
for any given sum, viz : 
Sheet, Lead, 3>., lbs. to square foot, for Tank, 3x1x0 feet 
with stop cock. $31.00 
Bath Tup, 30 oz„ $ir>; Plated Flange and Thimble Cock, 
$ 6 ; Plated Plug and Chain, $1.00. 22.50 
Pan Closet. $12.25; Plated Cup and Pull, $1.50; French 
Bowl. $2.20. Trap, 4 in., $3.74. . 19.70 
3 Wasli-hasins. $1.70 each; Marble Slabs, $5 each ; Plug, 
Stud, and Chain, $1.50 each; 2 Cocks, Trap, Screw 
Plug. $3.00 each. 30.60 
1 Iron Sink. 18x24 inches, $2; 2 Cocks, $3.50; Trap and 
Screw, $1. 6.50 
35 gall. Copper Boiler, $27 ; with Stand, $2. 29.00 
Force Pump, with brass cylinder. 17.0(1 
20 feet 4 in. Iron Soil Pipe, @5Uc. per foot.. 10.00 
372 llis. Supply and Circulation Pipe, @ 8 H c. per lb_ 31.02 
125 lbs. Waste Pipe, @8>4c. per lb...... 10.63 
Solder, Tacks, and Charcoal for this job. 3.00 
5 days' Time, Plumber and Helper, @6 per day. 30.00 
Total amount of cost. 237.55 
Ten per cent, added by plumbers in estimating. 23.75 
Total Plusiber's Charges for the job.$261.30 
To the bill for plumbing we add the cost of : 
Range, with Elevated Oven, Warm Closet, Water Back, 
Set complete.$80.00 
Heaters. 2 “ Fire Place,” with Registers and Heating 
Pipes, $45 each.$90.00 
Cost.—Estimate of cost of building by this 
plan. It will be noticed that the prices given for 
Bay Windows, Porch, Lobby, Stairs, Windows, 
Cupola, and Doors, include materials and labor 
complete, and that the amount of carpenter’s work 
is for the balance of such labor required on the job : 
100 yards Excavation, @ 25c. per yard.$25.00 
24,000 Brick, furnished and laid, @ $15 F 1000. 360.00 
950 yards Plastering. 3 coats, & 35c. per yard. 332.50 
6578 feet Timber, @ 2jfc. per foot. 148.00 
viz. 4 Sills, 4x8 in. x3(> ft. long. 70 Beams, 2x8 in.xlo ft. long. 
2 Sills, 4x8 in. x 36 ft. long. 60 Beams, 2x8 in. x22 ft. long. 
10 Posts, 4x7 in. X24 ft. long. 15 Beams, 3x8 in. x22 ft. long. 
Ties, 4x6 in. x390 ft. long. 4 Hips, 3x8 in. xl8 feet long. 
4 Cupola Posts, 4x6in. x 15ft. 4 Valleys, 3x8 in. xlSt't. long. 
Plates, 4x6 in. x 132 ft. l’g. 14 Rafters,3x5 in.xl? ft. long. 
100 Joist, 3x4 inches x 13 feet long, @ 22c. each. 22.a() 
400 Wall Strips, 2x4 incites xl3 feet long, @ 16c, each.. 64.00 
320 Sheating, %xl0 incites xl3 feet long, @ 25c. 80.00 
200 pounds Tarred Paper, @ 5c. per lb. 10.00 
320 Novelty Siding Boards, D'/. inches, @"38c. eaclt_ 12!.00 
195 Hemlock Roof Boards, @ 22c. eaclt. 4 .’.90 
240 Tongue and Grooved Flooring @ 35c. each. 84,00 
168 feet Cornice, 70c. per foot. . 117.60 
17 H Squares of Tin Roofing, @ $10 per square. 175.00 
190 feet Gutters and Leaders, 10c. per foot . 19.00 
Cupola complete, except Tin (included above). 10(U0 
2 Hay Windows complete, @ $75 eaclt. 150.00 
1 Porch complete, $75; 1 Lobby complete, $50. 125.00 
4 Stairs complete, $100; 17 Windows complete, @$15.. 355.00 
5 Cellar Windows, ©$0 each .. 30 00 
34 Doors, @ $12 eaclt. 408.00 
2 Marble Mantels, @$30 each. 60.01) 
4 Marble Shelves, @$6 eaclt. .. 24.00 
5 Kegs Nails, @$5 eaclt. 25.00 
Painting.. . 200.00 
Cartage, average one mile. 56.40 
Shelving, Base, Bell-hanging, etc. 73.70 
Carpenter’s Labor. 3(10.(>0 
Plumbing, as detailed above. 261.30 
Range. $80 ; 2 Heaters, @$45, $90. 170.00 
Total cost of House.$4,000.00 
[Editorial Remarks. —This is a fair estimate of 
the cost in the vicinity of New York City, for good 
materials and good workmanship. No calculation 
is made for fencing, out-buildings, drainage, etc. 
If the house is erected in or near a city or large vil¬ 
lage, where there is now, or likely to be in the fu¬ 
ture, a supply of illuminating gas, the gas-pipes 
should be put in when erecting a house, as it can 
be done with little trouble and small expense. 
We always advise providing for “ saving steps,” 
by inserting plenty of bells and speaking tubes. 
Ten dollars’ worth of these will he repaid every 
year. For full particulars and engravings of these, 
and other conveniences, see American Agriculturist 
for May and June, 1870.] 
Lunch Time in the Field. 
The engraving on our first page illustrates what 
we have often enforced, viz., the advantage of a 
lunch in the field for working animals. The farmer 
who leaves his team for half an hour or less, while 
lie goes to the house to refresh himself, should not 
forget that the animals, which have labored harder 
than he, also need refreshment. A lunch in a 
fence corner, from a lunch-box which may be hung 
upon the fence, is easily given, and will be grate¬ 
fully received. The time thus spent is not lost, 
but is more than regained iu the alacrity with 
which the team bends itself to its work again. If 
this practice were adopted through the planting 
and harvest season, the working stock might be 
kept without loss of condition, and would not need 
feeding up afterwards, to regain the flesh they have 
been unwisely permitted to lose. In the large 
cities, small bunches of green rye or fresh green 
clover are prepared for lunches for the working 
teams, between meals, when resting. The average 
condition of the city team is far above that of 
farmer’s teams, and this to a great extent is due to 
the regularity with which they are fed, and the 
frequency with which they are watered. Frequent 
light drinks are much better than copious ones 
at long intei-vals, and the maxium, “little but 
often,” will apply to both feeding and watering 
working stock during the warm weather. 
■ - — i o» «i a >» «sbi - 
Science Applied to Farming—VII. 
By Prof. W. O. Atwater, Wesleyan University, 
Middletown, Conn. 
Cotton-See«l Cake—Grain—Beaus—Peas—Fodder 
Corn—Their value and most economical use. 
Cotton-Seed Meal. 
To the inquiries of Mr. A. B. Fuller, Conn., and 
others, we answer, the figures in Table 6, (April 
No.), refer to the decorticated cotton-seed meal, that 
from which the leathery covering of the seed, or 
hulls, have been removed in preparing the meal. 
That mentioned in Table S, (March No.), is unde- 
corticated and contains the hulls. The composi¬ 
tion of each is here shown : 
Table 11. 
Cotton-seed Cake 
(Meal). 
100 POUNDS. 
| Water. 
1 Total Organic Sub¬ 
stances. 
j Crude Fiber. 
1 Digestible Organic 
Substance . 
lliis digest¬ 
ible Organic 
Substance 
consists of: 
"1 • 
<i3 
f 3 *- 
Fats or 
Oils. 
Decorticated. 
Undecorticated. 
lbs. 
10.5 
11.5 
lbs. 
7.7 
6.3 
lbs. 
82.2 
82.2 
Its. 
9.6 
20.8 
Ibs. 
55.7 
37.8 
lbs. 
28.8 
18.1 
Ibs. 
17. 
14.1 
Ibs. 
9.9 
5.6 
Each kind contains 82>/ 5 lbs. of organic substance 
iu the 100 lbs., but of this 82 lbs. in the decorticated 
seed meal, over 55 lbs. arc digestible, while intheun- 
deeorticated, less than 38 lbs. are digestible and nu¬ 
tritive, the hulls in the latter having much indigesti¬ 
ble crude fiber, as shown in fourth column. In some 
analyses, the undecortioated seed meal has yield¬ 
ed as much as 27 per cent of crude fiber. Some feed¬ 
ers think the hulls in the undecorticated meal is in¬ 
jurious to stock ; others have used it in large quanti¬ 
ties without observing evil results. Whether this be 
a serious objection or not, the decorticated is nicer, 
cleaner, and what is of great importance, it contains 
nearly 50 per cent more of digestible nutritive sub¬ 
stance,as shown in fifth column of Table 11, above. 
Feeding Value of Different Foods. 
Mr. Buclii, of Nashville, Tenn., a reader of the 
German Agriculturist , who is engaged in dairying, 
asks: “ When corn-meal is worth S3 per 100 lbs., 
what is the value of 100 lbs. of wheat bran, ship- 
stuff, cotton-seed meal, oats, or wheat ? ”—Mr. G. 
Ferguson, of Port Stanley, Ontario, asks: “When 
peas, corn, and oats sell at the same price per 100 
lbs., which is the cheapest food?”—If Mr. Buclii 
were a farmer in Germany, instead of Tennessee, 
he would have one of the Farmers’ Pocket Diaries 
I have mentioned, containing the composition of 
these and perhaps 200 other kinds of food. Our 
Tables 2 (in March), and G (in April), were trans¬ 
lated from those prepared by Dr. Wolff, Director of 
the Ilohenheim Experiment Station, who has stud¬ 
ied these questions for 25 years. Tiiese tables are 
the results of thousands of experiments performed 
at his own and many other Experiment Stations. 
He is thus able to tell us the absolute and relative 
amounts of albuminoids, carbo-hydrates, fats, etc., 
contained, on the average, in different food mate¬ 
rials, how much is really digestible in each. He 
has also calculated the money values. That is to 
say, after ascertaining a fair price per lb. for the 
digestible albuminoids, carbo-hydrates, etc., he com¬ 
putes the value of these nutritive materials in each 
100 lbs. of hay, grain, etc., etc. The values thus 
