1875.] 
AMERICAN AGrRICQLTURIST. 
287 
long rests at noon, and at night, after having been 
well fed, be turned into a pasture to rest. They 
should be brought in early in the morning and fed 
and curried. This will greatly refresh them. 
Cows .—The milk will now fall off greatly unless 
fresh green feed is furnished to the cows. Thin- 
. nings from the root crops or the corn-fields will still 
yield a good feed every night for a week or two. 
But it is best to have a piece of fodder com espe¬ 
cially planted for this purpose. If nothing else can 
be given them, a pailful of bran slops for each one 
will be of great service. Cows that are once al¬ 
lowed to shrink in their milk, will fall into a habit 
of doing it always. 
Sheep .—Late lambs should now be weaned. The 
ewes should be closely watched and milked dry 
every second evening, if necessary, until quite dried 
off. Rams should be separated from the ewes ex¬ 
cept those from which lambs in January are wanted. 
Where there is every facility for taking care of and 
disposing of such early lambs, they are by far the 
most profitable. Commence to feed rams for their 
fall work. If a thoroughbred ram is to be pur¬ 
chased, do it at once while there is a good choice. 
Swine .—Pigs or hogs to be fattened should be put 
up now. They will make more growth in a month 
now than in two months by and by. Give them 
plenty of pure water and dry, clean pens. Sows 
bred on the first of August will farrow in sixteen 
weeks, or about the 1st of December. With warm, 
good pens, pigs may then be raised without trouble, 
making good porkers in the spring. If pigs are 
not wanted, then they should not come until March, 
and the boar should be shut up in the meantime. 
Selecting Seed .—As it is by selecting seed and care¬ 
fully preparing and planting a portion of the ground 
specially for the growth of seed, that improvements 
in farm crops are made, it would be well not only 
to select seed wheat for the fall sowing with care, 
and to free it from seeds of weeds even by hand¬ 
picking if necessary, but to prepare and sow a por¬ 
tion of the field with more than usual care for the 
production of seed for next year’s crop. Much 
may be done in this way to improve the crops, and 
instead of farmers paying high prices for seed to 
persons who will take this care, they should do it 
for themselves and save this tax. 
Sundry Matters .—Insurances that have lapsed 
should be renewed, and where there is none it 
should he secured without delay. Insurance is a 
tax for safety that no person should grudge to pay. 
All those machines and tools that are now out of 
use should he cleaned and put away in a safe place. 
Any oily rags used in cleaning should he carefully 
burned; if thrown in a corner carelessly, they may 
take fire spontaneously and destroy much property. 
Now is a good time to weed out the stock, to get 
rid of unprofitable animals and procure better ones. 
There should he a constant effort to increase the 
value of live-stock by procuring thoroughbred 
males, choosing the best females to breed from, and 
selecting the best of the produce for stock. 
■- — ■ *' — - 
Work in the Horticultural Departments. 
If the work has been properly forwarded, there 
will be a little breathing spell in this month of 
comparative leisure. The boys and hired men 
should have a vacation, either a day or two of fish¬ 
ing, a visit to the seashore, a trip to the mountains, 
or whatever in the way of recreation the vicinity 
affords ; they will come home refreshed and ready 
for the fall work. When boys are kept hard at 
work day after day, they become listless and care¬ 
less about their work, and their only thought is to 
get into the city as soon as they are of age. A 
little recreation cheerfully offered now and then, 
will help greatly to make them contented. There 
are yet many little odds and ends which need to be 
looked after, and for which time can he better 
spared now than later. Draining in the orchards 
or elsewhere, may be done at this season, and as 
labor in the vicinity of large towns is cheap, It will, 
if one has the means, he a paying investment to do 
it. Do not allow the docks and other weeds to run 
to seed, and provide labor for the next season. 
This month is a good one in which to put up or 
repair any buildings needed upon the place. 
©rcSaard and Nursery. 
Drouths are likely to tell upon newly planted 
trees this month, and particularly upon those which 
were improperly taken up, and had poor roots. A 
mulch even at this late date, may save many which 
would perish without it. 
Web^worms are often found in abundance upon 
fruit trees at this time; if they are upon small 
twigs, cut these off and bum; when they infest 
large limbs, they must he removed with the hand. 
Insects .—Large quantities of immature fruit are 
often found under the trees; this is the work of 
insects; allow the pigs the run of the orchard, or 
have the fruit picked up and the insects destroyed, 
to prevent a crop for the coming year. 
Bud whenever the bark is loose enough to lift 
readily, aud when well-ripened buds can be had. 
Keep the sticks of buds moist until used. 
Marketing .—In order to get good prices for fruits, 
they must be carefully assorted and handled, as 
upon this depends the profit or loss of the business. 
Every parcel of fruit should be so packed that 
there will be no danger of bruising in transpor¬ 
tation ; the quality should be the same through¬ 
out, that buyers may rely upon the grower’s brand. 
Weeds .—Do not allow any to go to seed if the 
orchards are cultivated; if the ground is simply 
kept plowed, and no crop raised, the harrow may 
be used every week or ten days; this will keep the 
soil loose and clear of weeds. 
Old Trees .—Around most places which have been 
long settled, are to he found old trees, which 
occupy a large spot of valuable ground, produc¬ 
ing only indifferent fruit, and are too poor to 
renew by grafting; these had better be converted 
into fire-wood, and plant better trees next fall. 
Fence Rows around orchards as well as vege¬ 
table gardens, are often infested with poison-ivy 
and other woody weeds, which soon encroach upon 
the grounds if not destroyed. The best plan for 
killing all such, is to take the fence up altogether, 
where practicable, and after mowing the tops off 
and burning, plow deeply; this will soon destroy 
them if followed up persistently. 
Fruit Garden. 
Raspberries .—Cut off the old fruit canes, and ma¬ 
nure with well rotted manure. Keep the new 
canes tied to stakes or trellises to prevent their 
being broken by the wind! 
Blackberries .—Cut out all hut three or four canes 
of the new growth,’ and tie to stakes. Do not pick 
the fruit until it is thoroughly ripe, if for home 
use ; if for market, it must be gathered while yet 
firm, else there will he danger of bruising. 
Grapes .—As soon as any signs of mildew appear, 
apply sulphur to the vines. Tie up the new canes 
to the trellises with soft cotton twine. 
Fruit .—All surplus fruit not needed for family 
use or market, may be canned or dried for winter. 
It often happens that there is a glut of some par¬ 
ticular fruit, and it will not pay to send it to mar¬ 
ket ; but it can be preserved by canning or drying. 
Dwarf Trees .—Remove all deformed fruit, and if 
the trees are too full, make a final thinning, so that 
they may not over-bear. 
Currants and Gooseberries .—As soon as these have 
done hearing, give a good dressing of manure, and 
keep the weeds down by cultivation. 
Kitchen Garden, 
In a well ordered garden at this season, there 
should be an abundance of vegetables of the best 
quality. The early varieties such as peas, asparagus, 
and the like, will be succeeded by squashes, beans, 
tomatoes, com, and various others. 
Asparagus must not be neglected and allowed to 
go to weeds, even though it has ceased to yield a 
return it is storing up nourishment for a strong 
growth the coming season. a.na in order to do this. 
it must have had food in the shape of manure, and 
now it must not be robbed by weeds. 
Beans .—It is not yet too late to plant these for 
late snaps. Keep the pole sorts hoed and weeded, 
and when they reach the tops of their poles, pinch 
off, to induce the growth of the pods and beans. 
The Limas may need a little assistance in attaching 
themselves to the poles, and for this use bass mat¬ 
ting, taking care not to tie too tight. 
Cabbages and Cauliflowers must be hoed often, to 
give a rapid growth ; this is especially beneficial in 
the morning when the dew is on the plants ; use 
liquid manure judiciously and greatly diluted. 
Carrots .—Use the hoe and cultivator between the 
rows until the tops cover the ground ; large weeds 
which appear in the rows, must be hand-pulled. 
Remove all plants which throw up a flower-stalk. 
Celery may yet be set out for a late crop. 
Com which has yielded its crop of ears, may be 
cut and given to the cows, and the ground planted 
with turnips or late cabbages. Cut off all smutty 
parts and bum them. 
Cucumbers.— Cut every day for pickles, choosing 
those not more than two or three inches long. 
Egg Plants .—The warm weather at this season 
will cause a vigorous growth, and if liquid manure 
is given, they will be henefitted by it. Place a hand¬ 
ful of hay around the plants, to keep the fruit from 
contact with the ground. 
Lettuce .—Sow a few seeds in a cool, shady spot, 
to give plants for setting next month. 
Melons ought to be cultivated until the vines 
cover the ground and prevent; after this the weeds 
that appear may be hoed or hand pulled. 
Onions may he harvested when the majority of 
the tops fail over. Pull and let them remain in the 
sun for a few days before storing. Store in a dry 
place where there is free circulation of air, other¬ 
wise they are liable to rot. Onion sets must he 
spread very thinly. 
Spinach .—Sow for fall use now, and next month 
for winter. 
Sweet Potatoes should he making a rapid growth at 
this season; the ridges must be kept hoed, and 
the vines lifted to prevent their taking root. 
Tomatoes .—Tie up to trellises or place hay or 
brush around the plants to keep the fruit from the 
ground. Destroy the green worm when found. 
Turnips —Sow all vacant spots where the crops 
have been taken off with turnips ; they grow quickly 
and yield good returns : if the fly appears, dust the 
plants when wet with lime or plaster and ashes. 
Weeds .—If weeds have been allowed to become 
large, they must be hoed and raked off, otherwise 
they soon take root again. Use all the labor-saving 
implements that can be afforded to kill the weeds ; 
there are numerous good and effective sorts of 
hand cultivators and wheel hoes. Where the horse 
cultivator can be used, it should take the place of 
hand labor, as quicker and better, but as every gar¬ 
den has some spots where they cannot be used, 
hand ones must be used. For paths and drives, 
where it is not necessary to stir the soil deep, a 
push hoe is very effective and easier to handle than 
an ordinary hoe. The garden should be gone 
over with hand or horse cultivator every week 
during the growing season, to keep the tveeds under. 
Flower Kardeai and Lawn. 
Lawns require mowing often to keep the turf 
smooth and prevent weeds from growing. Remove 
all perennial weeds by the use of a spud or sharp 
narrow spade. Roll after a rain to induce the for¬ 
mation or a close turf. 
Edgings of grass around the walks and flower¬ 
beds- must he cut often to keep the roots from 
spreading to the walks or beds. 
Walks and Drives are liable to become weedy if 
not hoed and raked often. Remove the weeds 
after hoeing, and make the ground in the center 
higher than the edges; this will allow the rain to 
run off, leaving the middle dry and hard. Sprink¬ 
ling and rolling during dry weaftier are important. 
