1875.1 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
319 
wolds. Do not buy Duchess Short-horn cows at $5,000 
to $40,000 each to cross with a Devon hull. You will 
not get money enough from the milk, or calves, or beef, 
to make the operation profitable. 
(jar^et or Inflammation of the 
Udder.—“ C. E. G.,” Pendleton, lnd. When the ud¬ 
der and teats of a cow, that has recently dropped a calf, 
are swollen, feverish, and lumpy in places, she has what 
it called the garget. The whole mass of the udder is af¬ 
fected more or less, and some of the milk channels be¬ 
come filled with coagulated milk, and sometimes pus. 
The inflammation should be reduced by cold water ap¬ 
plications, and a dose of one pound of epsom salts, re¬ 
peated in two days, if necessary. The milk should he 
drawn frequently, and if the teats are too tender to be 
handled, a milk-tube should be used. If the swollen and 
hard condition of the udder continues, it may be rubbed 
with iodine ointment twice a day, a good deal of gentle 
friction and pressing of the udder being used. 
Death of Lexington. —This noted horse, 
the sire of a greater number of valuable horses than any 
other stallion in this country, is dead. He died at Wood- 
burn Farm, Ky., at the age of more than 25 years. He 
was foaled in 1850, made and won his first race at Lexing¬ 
ton, Ky., in 1853, and out of the seven starts which he 
made in his racing career, he was beaten but once. Since 
1855 he has been reserved for the stud, first standing at 
the farm of W. F. Harper for two seasons, when he was 
sold by his owner, Mr. Ten Broeck, to R. A. Alexander, 
of Woodburn, for $15,000. He has stood at Woodburn 
since that time. Amongst his most noted progeny are 
Kentucky, Asteroid, Idlewild, Norfolk, Leatherlungs, 
Thunder, Areola, Harry of the West, Daniel Boone, Jack 
Malone, Harry Bassett, Tom Bowling, Preakness, Joe 
Daniels, and Wanderer. No other horse in the world has 
left such a valuable offspring behind him, and it is some¬ 
what remarkable that in his later years he sired the best 
of his sons. For some years he has been blind, but has 
rarely transmitted this defect to his colts. 
Berkshire Swine Association.— 
The American Berkshire Swine Association has issued a 
circular, in which it is announced that pedigrees for en¬ 
try in the first volume of the Record should be in the 
hands of the Secretary on the 1st of August, and that the 
volume is expected to be issued before the end of the 
year. A premium of $100 is also offered for the best ap¬ 
proved essay upon the History, Breeding, and Manage¬ 
ment of Berkshire Swine; competing essays to be placed 
in the hands of the Secretary by September 1st, 1875. 
The awarding committee are Prof. J. K. Klippart, Colum¬ 
bus, Ohio, John P. Reynolds, Chicago, Ill., and Luther 
Tucker, Albany, N. Y. The address of the Secretary of 
the association is A. M. Garland, Springfield, Ill. 
Protrusion of the Rectum in 
Fowls. —“ E. R. H.” This is caused by using too 
stimulating food, which relaxes the muscles, so that the 
lower part of the rectum is ejected along with the egg, 
»s it passes through it from the ovidnet. As hens sub¬ 
jected to this trouble are generally fat, it is best to pro¬ 
mote them to the kitchen. We have found it always to 
return, notwithstanding all our treatment, which has 
consisted of injecting solutions of opium, using astrin¬ 
gent washes, and giving one drop of tincture of aconite 
in a bread pill, each day for a week. 
Value of a Cord of Ruck.—“E. H. 
M.” The value of a cord of muck is as undefinable as 
the value of a horse. It depends upon its quality. 
Some muck is wholly vegetable matter, and some has 
40 to 50 per cent of sand in it. The vegetable matter, 
when fresh, contains 70 to 80 per cent of water, and 
when dry is of course increased in value. A cord of 
freshly dug muck, consisting wholly of vegetable mat¬ 
ter, well decomposed, and that leaves only 2 to 3 per cent 
of ash when burned, may be worth a dollar a cord. 
When dug a year, it may be worth twice or thrice that 
anm. Generally we should estimate it at one-fourth the 
value of fresh stable manure. 
Gnaranty of Ejggs.-“R. J. iv.” As 
we understand it, a poultry dealer who sells eggs and 
“ guarantees ” them, engages that they shall be the pro¬ 
duce of pure bred fowls, fresh, in good condition, and 
properly fertilized ; and all this he can by taking proper 
care to assure himself of. More than this no one can do, 
and if he does less, he is not an honest dealer. Occasion¬ 
ally with the best care, there may be eggs that will not 
hatch, and some loss in this respect must be expected. 
A Case of Injudicious reeding 1 .— 
<l N. F. M.,” Glenwood, Va. “Ahorse ten years old, ap- 
parently in robust health, was fed upon corn-meal mixed 
with water, without hay or other fodder, for three days 
in warm weather, being worked during the time at heavy 
hauling. The third day, while still at work, the horse 
sickened and died in half an hour. What was the cause of 
death ? It is impossible to answer this question satis¬ 
factorily, without knowing the previous condition of the 
horse’s health, or making an examination. The feeding 
was decidedly wrong and dangerous, and would undoubt¬ 
edly have led to trouble sooner or later. It is probable 
that death was caused by the injudicious feeding; such 
improper feeding being sufficient to produce disease and 
death under the circumstances. 
Sheep for Kansas .-' 1 G. E. W.,” Marion 
Co., Kansas. The most profitable kind of sheep for your 
locality, would undoubtedly be the common native ewes, 
which can be purchased for $2.50 a head, and to cross 
them with pure Merino rams. These would give in three 
years a three-quarter bred wool, which is in demand at 
every woolen factory in the country. Long wool sheep 
and their grades are not suitable where small flocks are 
kept, and where mutton is not the main object. This 
class of wool can not be used in ordinary mills? but' only 
for fabrics of combed and not carded wool, and it is often 
difficult to sell the wool for a fair price, unless in quanti¬ 
ties large enough to ship to eastern markets. 
Government Land.—“ W. E. S.,” New 
York, For information about United States land in any 
part of the country, write to the Commissioner of Public 
Lands, Washington, D. C. 
Wild Garlic. —“C. J.,” Rockbridge Co., 
Va. There is no surer method of destroying wild onion 
or garlic than summer-fallowing. This plant is very 
tenacious of life, and as the ground is repeatedly plowed 
or harrowed, the roots, which are brought to the surface, 
should be gathered and burned. One of the most fre¬ 
quent causes of the spread of this weed is the sowing of 
wheat which is mixed with it; another is using screen¬ 
ings from grist-mills or fanning-mills for poultry feed. 
If clean seed only be sown, and all the screenings be 
ground before they are used, there would be much less 
garlic grown. It is useless to kill it by summer-fallows, 
if the ground is re-sown with foul seed, or through the 
use of foul manure. 
A Breacliy Colt.—“J. E. N.,” Pike Co., 
Pa. To prevent a breacliy colt from jumping over fences, 
it should be made to wear a “yoke.” This consists 
of a bent hickory stick, something like an oxbow, which 
is put around the neck ; to the boitom of this is affixed 
a short piece of scantling, in which a stout pin one foot 
long is inserted. The pin projects forwards, and when 
the colt attempts to jump, the pin catches in ti e rails of 
the fence, and holds him down. 
To Destroy Rusk-R:tts.—“L. L.,” 
Boston. Musk-rats are very fond of apples. If apples 
are cut in slices and scored with a pen-knife, and arsenic 
rubbed into the score marks, the rats will eat the bait, 
and may be destroyed in large numbers. The baits must 
not be placed too thickly, or the rats will carry them off 
and store them up in their holes, instead of eating them 
at once, but should be laid out at night and left during the 
day, if they are not disturbed, until they are all killed off. 
Slock for tlie Dairy.— “E. B. M.,” 
Warren Co., Ohio. For a small butter dairy, the Alder¬ 
ney. Jersey, or Guernsey cows are most suitable. These 
are all regarded as different breeds, but yet they are very 
much alike in their valuable butter-producing qualities. 
F*r a milk dairy where the cows are to be sold for beef 
after they are no lopger profitable to milk, there are no 
cows that surpass good grade or pure Short-horns from 
milking families. It is not well, as a general thing, to 
divide one’s business into butter-making and beef pro¬ 
ducing. But if it is to be done, we would choose the 
Shorn-horn first for the two purposes combined, and the 
Devon next. 
Gapes in Cliiclceias.—“Mrs. C. W. M.,” 
Greene Co., N. Y., writes that she has found gapes may 
be prevented from troubling chickens, by keeping the 
chickens in a warm, dry, clean place, and feeding them 
with corn-meal wetted and mixed rather plentifully with 
ground red or black pepper. 
Composting Hen Manure.-" Enquir¬ 
er,” Washington Co., Ohio. The droppings of poultry 
cannot be improved by mixture with any other materials, 
but can be essentially injured. When kept dry, and re¬ 
duced to fine powder, it may be used exactly as guano is 
used, and is worth nearly as much. It cannot be drilled 
very easily unless it be sifted, because it can not be 
completely brought to a fine powder, and the drill be¬ 
comes choked. If wood ashes or lime are to be applied, 
they had better be sown broadcast after the wheat is 
sown, but neither of them should be mixed with poultry 
droppings. One barrel of the droppings per acre, would 
give the wheat a good start, but they can not be depend¬ 
ed on alone to make a good crop. 
Fodder Crops. —The late and dry season 
has left many farmers short of pasture, and wit-h a 
poor prospect for fodder for next winter. To make up 
the deficiency, late crops may be sown up to the 10th of 
July, or a few days later. Millet and Hungarian grass, if 
sown in July, will bring a good crop of hay, but it must 
be cut while in blossom, or it will be poor feed. Ruta 
bagas may be sown up to the 12th inst, and white tur¬ 
nips up to the 5th of August. Corn-fodder should be 
sown in rows 30 inches apart, very thickly, and fertilized 
with some fine manure. Turnips may be sown on an oat 
stubble. Grow some fodder crops by all means. 
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Adorn 
Your Homes 
AT A 
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Nominal Cost. 
We have some 
Splendid Pictures 
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Printed in 18 Oil Colors, 
Beautiful and Charming. 
(The first three [as named below], mounted on 
heavy Card-Board, ready for framing, or for use 
without a frame ; the fourth mounted on Muslin, 
being too large for mailing if on Card-Board.) 
I—“Up for Repairs.” 
The sister mending her brother’s torn clothes, 
will be a fine ornament in any house. 
II—“ Look Out.” 
A maiden at a cascade in the act of dashing wa¬ 
ter upon you,—a new and greatly improved edition 
of this new painting. 
Ill—“ Mischief Brewing.” 
A country boy with a “Jack o’ lantern,” which 
he has made out of a pumpkin, and he is telling 
his little sister of the sport they will have with it 
by and by, after nightfall. 
IV—“The Strawberry Girl,” 
One of the most popular pictures brought out in 
this country or Europe, (size 14 by 20 inches,) of 
which every home should have a copy. 
As long as our supply holds out, we offer a choice 
of any one of the above four pictures, to every 
person subscribing for the American Agriculturist, 
who merely sends pay for cost of mounting, pack- 
ing, and forwarding free by mail, viz : 
For No. I_only 25 cents extra, j For mounting, 
For No. II. ...only 25 cents extra. I packing, 
For No. Ill only 25 cents extra. | and free 
For No. IV only 50 cents extra. J delivery. 
That is, nothing for the pictures, and only 25 or 50 
cents extra for cost of mounting, packing, and pay* 
ing postage or express. Any one of these pictures 
is richly worth the cost of many subscriptions. 
They are beautifully printed in Oil Colors, and have 
the appearance, and indeed the value, of Oil Paint* 
ings on canvas. 
jpgr* Name your choice when sending in your 
subscription. 
These Pictures are offered to all subscriber* 
now coming in. See “ Trial Trip,” page 2S9. 
