366 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[October, 
Contents for October, 1875. 
Bee Notes. . .. Illustrated ..375 
Boys and Gilds’ Columns—October —Answers to 
Correspondents—What do you Call your Father ?— 
Hydra, and IIow it Lives—Aunt Sue’s Chats—More 
about Cats—Aunt Sue’s Puzzle-Box-Young Indians 
on the Move.6 Illustrations.. 390-392 
Catalogues Received.399 
Cleaning'Up.376 
Clearing Land, Use of Dynamite in.383 
Curing Corn-Fodder.383 
English Laborers’Union. 383 
Eucalyptus in California..383 
Fair List. 399 
Feed, Procuring Winter.3S0 
Fence-Post, to Raise Up. Illustrated.. 3S0 
Flower-Garden and Lawn for October.368 
Fluke, Liver.0 Illustrations. 379 
Foot and Mouth Disease. 376 
Fruit Garden for October.367 
Greenhouse and Window Plants for October.368 
Growing Crops with Chemical Fertilizers.383 
Hemlock or Spruce Gum. Illustrated.. 384 
Household Department—Home Topics—How to Build 
an Oven and Smoke-House—Cooking Some Things 
■we Like.8 Illustrations.. 387-389 
House Plan.4 Illustrations. . 372- 373 
Kitchen Garden for October.367 
Late Pasturing Meadows.374 
Market Report for October.368 
Mills, to Steady Portable. 5 Illustrations. .382 
Notes from the Pines—Summer Rains—Potato-Bugs— 
Triumph and Excelsior Sweet Corn—Flower-Gar¬ 
den—Bed of Gannas—Amaranths—Chinese Bladder 
Nut—Sorrel Tree—Perennial Phloxes.. 386-387 
Nursery Agents and Tree Pedlers.383 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 68—Irrigating.4 Illus¬ 
trations . 374-375 
Orchard and Nursery for October.. 367 
Plants, Bine Stokesia. Illustrated. .385 
Plants, Shrubby Cinque-foil. Illustrated. .384 
Pokes, Animal.6 Illustrations ..381 
Poultry-Keeping as a Business.2 Illustrations.. 3S0 
Ruffed Grouse. Illustrated.. 371 
Science Applied to Farming. 373 
Shed or Barrack for Straw..2 Illustrations. 381 
Sheep, Cross-Bred. 2 Illustrations. .377 
Sheep, IIow to Catch. 3 Illustrations ..381 
Spontaneous Generation of Plants. 3 S 2 
The Late Moses Qui nby. Illustrated.. 376 
Walks and Talks Correspondence.39S 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 142—Thrash¬ 
ing by Steam—Reapers—Cutting Corn-Fodder— 
Sheep—English Rams.. 378-379 
Why the Peaches did not Sell.386 
Work, Hints About.366 
INDEX TO “BASKET,” OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
A Fine Catalogue.371 
American Pomolog. Soc.369 
Buckeye Mower.370 
Capacity of a Cistern. .. 397 
Cow Pox.397 
Double Furrow Plowing.. .398 
Effects of Forests on tiie 
Rain-fall.398 
Effects of Impure Water.398 
Exports of Wheat and 
Flour.371 
Founder in a Horse.397 
Grub in the Head.398 
Hollow Celery.371 
Ice-House.398 
Importation of Percheron 
Horses.370 
Ki 1 leil by a Piece ofWire.371 
Malacatniie.371 
Manure for Grain.397 
Merino Sheep and Shep¬ 
herd Dogs. 397 
Much Rain.370 
New England Fair_ v ..370 
New Enemy to the Rasp¬ 
berry .369 
N.Y. State Hort. Society.370 
New Post-Office.".3691 
October Fairs.:.370 
Periodical for Dairymen.370 
Poultry and Eggs for 
Profit.398 
Poultry for Eggs and 
Meat. 3 fl 7 
Rooting Felt for Stacks. .371 
Roses by Mail. .371 
Seeding with Orchard 
Grass.371 
Sending us Fruit .370 
Sowing Grass-Seed in the 
Fall. 371 
Sprinkling Hatching 
Eggs..397 
Sundry Humbugs.309 
Tomato Catsup.398 
To Prevent a Horse Roll¬ 
ing in the Stall .371 
To Remove or Prevent 
Rust.371 
Tuberoses in Winter_371 
Twin Dahlia. 371 
Useful House-Plans.360 
Use of Lime.398 
When to Plow Under 
Clover.398 
9Eog>:i3i*iii*>' BSoofs.— “ C. E. 
F.,” Wilmington, N. C. A slightly decayed shingle roof 
may be temporarily preserved from further decay, by a 
good coat, of thick lime-wash. A second coat of still 
thicker lime-wash, in which fine sand "is kept stirred, 
will act as a further preservative, but the latter applica¬ 
tion should bo renewed every summer. Painting does 
not help to preserve a roof, unless done on both sides of 
the shingles; if done on but one side, the moisture 
which penetrates beneath them, is kept there, and pre¬ 
vented from escaping by the coat, of paint on the out¬ 
side, and the shingles rot very rapidly. Lime is a good 
preservative for shingles, but crude petroleum is the best. 
The shingles, first thoronghly dried, may be dipped into 
it, or it may he put on after they are laid. 
Calendar for October. 
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11 23 28th 
AMERICAN AGRICULTUR 1ST. 
NEW YORK, OCTOBER, 1875. 
If we were to believe the statements of the news¬ 
papers, which call themselves “ Mercantile Jour¬ 
nals,” we should out of charity open our graneries 
and cribs, and invite those poor distressed people, 
the merchants, to walk in and help themselves, 
and thus he relieved from their distresses. We 
should feel almost guilty in the possession of so 
much wheat, and corn, and pork, as the newspa¬ 
pers insist that farmers are holding with such 
wicked pertinacity, while these poor merchants 
want all this produce so badly. “ Everything is so 
dull,” we are told by the mercantile newspapers, 
“ money is so cheap,” and “ produce is so plenti¬ 
ful,” that prices are ruinously high. Sometimes it 
is that money is so dear that these poor men can 
not afford to pay so much ns they would like for 
our grain and pork. Just now it happens to be the 
other way. Fortunately farmers read the papers 
now-a-days, and when they go to market they are 
not so apt to say to the buyers “ what cau you 
afford to give meTor this load of wheat ? ” as they 
we re some years ago. It may he that the wheat 
crop all over the world will reach an average, and 
that the frosts have not injured our late corn crop, 
but this io very doubtful. Our wheat crop is not 
up to the average, oats are short, and if corn at 
husking time be found generally sound and unin¬ 
jured by the early frosts, still there will be at best 
hut an average crop. But ail over Europe, and 
here as well as there, the cost of" every bushel of 
grain harvested, has been increased ten per cent by 
the wet weather, and corn has been smothered by 
■weeds, malungits cultivation much more laborious. 
Much grain has been cut with the antiquated sickle 
or the scythe; old-fashioned cradles have been 
brought out, and the reapers have been useless; 
the ground has been so wet and the grain so tan¬ 
gled, that harvesting has cost very much more than 
it usually does. When grain is thrashed, some 
will be found light, and the quality of much 
of it will have been injured by sprouting in the 
shock. There arc exceptions to this in some local¬ 
ities, hut this is the general condition of things. 
This increase in cost of production, must be bal¬ 
anced by an increased value in every market, and 
farmers must not he misled by the complaints of 
mercantile papers, to suppose that in the coming 
down to hard-pan, they must fall faster and harder 
than any other class. With fair prices for our crops- 
we shall do very well, although there will be little 
left for the bank to take care of. If prices are not 
equal to what the crops C 06 t, there might be no 
compulsion to sell at a loss, and there will he none 
if farmers will do business on the cash system, and 
have no debts hanging over them. The trouble is, 
few farmers know what their produce costs them, 
and never will know this until they keep accouuts. 
Hints about Work. 
Wheat and Rye may still be sown, even in the- 
northern states, while in the south there is yet ample 
time to put in this crop. For fodder, or for spring 
pasturing, rye or wheat may be sown up to Nov. 1- 
Rolling Wheat is to be done with judgment. A 
cloddy surface, mellow underneath, is the best for 
wheat. If a roller is used at this season, it should 
be the corrugated kind ; but we would rather defer 
rolling with a smooth roller until spring. 
Corn that has not been cut, should be cut at 
once, if the stalks are to be used as feed for stock. 
Fodder that has been frozen while green, is neither 
nutritious nor wholesome for cattle, and the grain, 
is not improved by hanging on the uncut ripe stalk.. 
Rushing Com. —Hall’s husking gloves, if they 
have once been used, will be considered indis¬ 
pensable, as they will save their price in one season, 
in lessened cost of husking, to say nothin" of the 
protection they give to the hands. After some ex¬ 
perience in putting corn away in the barn unhusk¬ 
ed, to husk at leisure afterwards, we would never 
repeat it. A loss through moldy corn can hardly 
be prevented. Husk early, and leave the fodder to 
cure in the field. 
Potatoes. —The wet season has caused some rot¬ 
ting of potatoes, and much scab in highly manured 
fields. It would be well to dig the early crop at 
once, and if any are found diseased, use the worst 
by boiling them for pigs, and scatter fresh dry- 
slacked lime over the others in the cellar. When, 
touched with the rot, they are safer in the cellar or 
root house than in a pit. Potatoes are generallj- 
worth 25 cts. a bushel to feed when boiled. It is- 
not economy to sell them for less than that price. 
Fall Plowing should he pushed ahead on every 
fine day. Encourage the fowls to follow the plow, 
and if a few crows or crow r blackbirds alight on the 
field, do not scare them away. They are doing 
good service in devouring grubs, beetles, and cut 
worms. If a farmer can teach a score or two of 
fowls to follow him in the furrow, they will destroy 
hundreds of insects every day. 
Drains. —Open drains will be choked with weeds; 
at this time, and will need thorough cleaning out.; 
This should be done before heavy rains occur, and. 
while the ground is comparatively dry. The out¬ 
lets of under-drains should be cleared of weeds 
and other obstructions. 
Clearing up of rubbish in the fields and around 
fences, should not he delayed, and the corn husks,, 
old straw hands, leaves, etc., "which lie about,, 
should be raked together methodically, with a horse 
rake, and burned. This is more important where 
chinch bugs abound, because these pests hide in 
such rubbish, aud may thus be destroyed in myriads. 
Buildings. —Sheds, stables, pens, and poultry- 
houses, and the rubbish heaps about the house and 
barns, should all be cleaned up, and the scrapings 
used as top-dressing on wheat, or go to the com¬ 
post heap. Stables should be repaired, white¬ 
washed, and made comfortable, broken windows 
glazed, and doors made tight. Warmth is a great 
economizer of food and comfort, a great help to 
health and thrift. 
Live Stock. —Different kinds of stock should be 
kept separate both in the fields and yards. Heavy 
losses are always occuriug from allowing horses, 
cows, sheep, pigs, and fowls to run in one yard. 
Horses in their play will kick or scare cows, and a 
cow near her time, may lose the calf in conse¬ 
quence ; cows will hook sheep; pigs will kill and 
eat lambs and chickens ; and small stock are trod¬ 
den on by the heaviest animals. In the arrange¬ 
ment of the yards for winter, this should be 
