PRE-CARBONIFEROUS FLOOR OF THE MIDLANDS. 195 
these fossils, aided by a careful examination of the rock 
fragments which contain and accompany them. Such a 
study has only recently been possible, so that but scanty 
results have as yet been obtained. 
Fossils in Bunter Pebbles. —The lowest horizon to which 
any of the fossils as yet discovered in the Bunter belong is 
(according to Mr. Thos. Davidson, to whom I am much 
indebted for his identification of the species) the equivalent of 
the Arenig Beds, which form the quartzite of the Stiper Stones 
west of the Longmynd, and are present in Brittany as a very 
similar rock—the Gres Armoricain. This Lower Silurian form¬ 
ation has yielded numerous pebbles of quartzite and indurated 
sandstone to the Midland Bunter, which can be identified 
by the presence of the fine bracliiopod Lingula Lesueuri * 
and such lamellibranclis as Modiolopsis *, Palcearca (which is 
found in situ in the Arenigs near Norbury), and Lyrodesma. 
Next in order of time we find representatives of the 
Caradoc and Bala Beds, including Orthis B-udleighensis* 
which occurs more frequently than any other species ; 0. 
Pulpy ana, 0. e-legantula , (K unguis, O.biforata, 0. calligraminap' 
and Leptcena sericea. Shells of the genera Pterinea* Cteno- 
donta, and Cleidophorus may also be referred to this period, 
and remains of a crinoid—probably Glyptocrinus b a sal is A 
From the Upper Llandovery Beds we get sandstone pebbles 
(identical in character with the rock which fringes the eastern 
side of the Lickey) containing internal casts of Stricklandinia 
lirata* and the coral Petraia binaA 
Although no Devonian strata crop out in the Midlands, 
yet we find quartzose sandstones of this age—proved to be 
Devonian by the fossils they contain—in the Bunter. 
The commonest Devonian fossil is Spiv if era Yerneuilii, with 
which we get Rhynchonella daleidensis, H. Valpyana, B. elliptical 
B. Thebaulti, Orthis laticosta, 0. Monnieri, Strophomena 
Fdgelliana, and Streptorhynchus crenistria.* Worm-burrows, 
belonging to Trachyderma serrataf &c., are very common 
in the quartzite pebbles, but I have never found any other 
fossil in the same pebble. Fragmentary remains of other 
fossils, as a Theca, the trilobites Phacops * and Homalonotus, 
and fucoids, are not rare, but they are usually too imperfect 
for specific determination. 
Of the above fossils 1 have found those marked with an 
asterisk both in the drift-gravels round Birmingham and in 
the Bunter Beds of Sutton Park. That the entire suite is to 
be found in the Bunter I have no doubt, but I have not had 
a good opportunity of collecting from that deposit, while the 
quartzite pebbles of the gravels are largely excavated and 
