ANTHROPOLOGY. 
287 
In the earlier days those interested in many—more 
correctly speaking—in most of these scientific experiments 
did not, however, meet with the encouragement their labours 
demanded nor receive the honour merited. Geology only 
comparatively late has become recognised as a science, and 
as such established ; while Mesmerism or Animal Psychology 
only within recent years begins to receive the attention a 
new science ought to demand. The supporters of every 
branch of scientific study have had to encounter these 
difficulties, brought about by opposing and contending 
principles. Astronomy even, by whose laws the heavenly 
bodies are traced in their courses, each one separate, yet 
all performing a part in one harmonious whole, had its 
advance staggered, checked, and opposed by the introduction 
of theories propounded for the purpose of proving such 
laws untenable. So also the science of Anthropology has 
only recently been put forward to its place in the scientific cycle. 
Anthropology, the study of man, derived from the Greek 
words avdpcoTTos, “man,” and \070s, “ discourse,” signifying a 
discourse on man, may be more correctly defined as “a 
promotion of the study of the science of mankind, by an 
accumulation of observations bearing on man’s past history, 
and Ins present state in all parts of the globe.” One of the 
greatest difficulties indeed is the multifarious features that the 
study embraces, and that range themselves under this branch 
of knowledge. One of the chief factors of Anthropology is 
Ethnology. This may be taken as the earlier title of the 
study under consideration. It had, however, a far more 
limited and definite line of research, yet it was regarded as 
a whole, complete in itself, and so far as it went, embraced 
all that was then required ; for the knowledge of the bearings 
of Anthropology was then limited, but under the develop¬ 
ment of this science we find it falling into a place, and 
assuming a very important factor in the study of man. 
Ethnology, likewise derived from the Greek words edvo s , “ a 
nation,” and X 070 S, “discourse,” embraces the study of the 
various peoples or races which form the population of 
the globe, with their physical and moral development, 
languages, social customs, opinions, beliefs, origin, history, 
migrations, present geographical distribution, and relative 
position to each other. The study of Ethnology is two-fold. 
Firstly, by considering the laws which have determined 
and regulated these characteristic features, which is therefore 
called “ general Ethnology ;” and secondly “ by a study, com¬ 
parison, and description of the races themselves as dis¬ 
tinguished from each other by the special manifestations 
