ANTHROPOLOGY. 
825 
extreme to extreme, since thereby the most minute variation 
will be detected, and an average figure or scale struck for the 
establishing of the normal type of a race cranium. 
According to the measurements of Parchappe, “ Beclier- 
clies sur l’encepliale,” races are placed in the following order 
according to the volume of the head:—Caucasians, Negroes, 
Mongols, Americans, and Malays. Lawrance differs from 
Parchappe in the estimation of brain capacity, and places the 
Malay between the Europeans and Mongols, while Tiedemann, 
“ Per Hirn des Negers,” 1837, gives the following as the 
mean capacity:— 
European . 
American . 
Mongol . 
Malay. 
Adult Negro .. 
Asiatics and Negroes of the white race 
Cases. 
Ounces. 
135 .. 
.... 401 
31 .. 
.... 401 
43 .. 
.... 39* 
77 .. 
.... 38i 
48 .. 
.... 37H 
89 .. 
.... 37f 
Various other writers, who have made independent 
measurements as to the mean average of the brain 
power, arrive at different standards, each out of unison with 
the other, so that no certainty can be drawn from such 
calculations in favour of the doctrine that capacity of 
cranium indicates the amount of mental endowment. In 
the commencement of this paper it was stated, on the 
authority of Camper, that the brain of the African (Negro) 
was equal to that of the European, which statement will 
require some modification if we look to the table of 
Tiedemann ; but I argue that the brain of the African, if 
developed in the same ratio to that of the higher developed 
European, will be found to be equal, and moreover if the 
negro brain be set in comparison against that of a European 
subject of the same standard of intellectual endowment as the 
African, the computation of Camper will be found favourable. 
The variation which is found in skulls belonging to the same 
country and same age may be attributed to climatical 
influence, the method and habit of living, &c. Crantz 
inclines to the idea that the inhabitants of the northern 
parts have the body sinewy and square, those peoples 
dwelling in the south being of a more soft and elegant habit. 
This theory is endorsed by Leem, who treats on the Lapps 
and Finns; by Hogsliorn, on the Lules ; by Pallas, on the 
Calmucks ; by Crantz, on the Greenlanders ; and by Parkin¬ 
son, on the New Zealanders and New Hollanders. 
(To be continued.) 
