18^6.] 
NEW LITERATUIIE. 
!) 
oil and wliisky, in eciual proportions, in all cases where simply abdomi¬ 
nal and intestinal derangements occnr from toadstool eating. 
The remaining family of toadstools, the Agaricini, or gill-bearing, 
has more members than the sum of all the others of which individuals 
are eaten. To it belong the common mushrooms, Agricns campestris 
and Agricns arvensis. together with many otlier members possessing 
high flavor and excellent (jualities. 
It is from this family that the masses gather for their tables, and in 
this family that real danger from toadstool poisoning exists. It contains 
a small genus consisting of about thirty members, known as Amanita, 
eight of which are known to be edible, and at least live to contain 
a deadly alkaloid, designated under the several names of Muscarine, 
Bulbosine and Amanitine. 
This genus has distinguishing marks which cannot be mistaken, and 
should be known by every one. All of its members have gills which, 
with one exception, an edible variety having yellow gills—Amanita 
caesaria—are white at all stages of their growth. Their caps, which are 
convex, concave, or umbonate, generally show remains of an investing 
membrane existing as warts, scruff, or scales, which are easily remov¬ 
able by rubliing, and leave the smooth, satin-like skin intact. The flesh 
is white, tasteless, and almost scentless in young specimens. In older 
specimens, or soon after gathering, a strong and unpleasant odor gen¬ 
erates. 
(To be continued.) 
NEW LITERATURE. 
HY W. A. KEULEimAX. 
UkUEII das VeKSCHAVINDEN OEAVISSEK InSEKTEN INFOLGE DEK 
EiNAVANDEIIUNG DEK BUCCINIA 3IALVACE AlllJM, I\IONT.” Yoil 
Dr. F. Ludwig, in Greiz. Hedwigia. 1885, Heft V. 
This parisite appeared first in 1875. in' Elsterthal, near Greiz, on the 
wild Malvas. In the following year it spread rapidly, and attacked 
also the cultivated [ species of Malva. Such devastation ensued that 
Dr. Ludw'ig in 1882 urged the adoption of ordinances looking to the 
destruction of the parisite. These Aveie not as elfectual as desired, and 
at present, in many places the cultivated species, as well as the wild 
species. M. neglecta andM. sylvestris. have disappeared in consequence. 
A similar case was reported to Dr. Ludwig by Dr. J. G. Otto Tepper, of 
Norwood, in South Australia. A few years ago, the Fuccinia malvac'ea- 
rum found its way to this part of Australia. The Lavatera plebeja 
flourished there exuberantly at the time, but now is seldom seen. Curi¬ 
ously enough, however, Malva rotiindifolia has taken its place in spite 
of the parasite. With Lavetera. have also disappeared certain insects 
