18S6.] 
ELIAS MAGNUS FRIES. 
91 
23. PoLYPORUS Alabam^e, B. & C.— A rare and beautiful species ; 
white. On a dead hickory limb. 
24. PoLYPORUS ciNNABARiNUS, Fr.— Only a few specimens found 
on a dead Magnolia log. 
25. POLYPORUS hemileucus, B. & C. —Abundant on dead Carya 
and Magnolia. Very fine. 
26. POLYPORUS AMOEMUS, B. & C.—Rather common on old logs. 
27. POLYPORUS SALMONICOLOR, B. & C.—Not abundant. On fallen 
trees. 
28. POLYPORUS PURPUREUs, Fr.— Very beautiful and very rare. 
Margins lilac color. 
29. POLYPORUS MOLLUSCUS, Fi’.—Pure white, with soft, velvety 
texture. Rare. On fallen limbs. 
30. POLYPORUS NiTiDUS, Fr.—Common on under side of fallen 
trees. Has been called P. vulgaris. 
31. POLYPORUS VAPORARius, Fr.—Commoii. Name very appro¬ 
priate, as the beautiful glistening color soon disappears. 
32. POLYPORUS iGNiARius, Fr.—Occasioiial in decayed places on 
living Quercus. 
33. POLYPORUS TABACiNUS, Mont.— Abundant on old oak stump. 
34. POLYPORUS LACTEUS, Fr.—On dead fallen limbs. Not common. 
35. i^OLYPORUS ECTYPUS, B. & Rav.—Rare. Found on a small oak 
stump in a swamp. Very tine. 
ELIAS MAGNUS FRIES. 
BY WM. R. DUDLEY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY. 
Elias Magnus Fries was born at Femsjo, Sweden, Aug. 15th, 1794, 
and died at Upsala, Sweden, Feb. 8th, 1878. Although he had but 
comparatively little to do, directly, with the fungi of America, no cata¬ 
logue of our higher fungi can be published but does not show his name 
as author of a very large number of species which are found here as well 
as in Europe. He is regarded as the founder of the systematic litera¬ 
ture, in a true sense, in that branch of botany. Therefore, as Linnaeus 
and his writings must form a part of every nation’s history of its bot¬ 
any, so Elias Fries, another great Swedish botanist,—and next to Linn¬ 
aeus the greatest,—must enter into the history of cryptogamic botany, 
especially of fungi, wherever and whenever that subject is historically 
considered. 
Fries’ career may be said to have been a century later than that of 
the great baron’s ; for, although he was born about thirteen years less 
than a century after the birth of Linnaeus, his life was prolonged till 
Feb. 8th, 1878, or one month after the centennary of the death of his 
great prototype. Tliere is a curious parallelism extending throughout 
the whole career ot these two men. Botli were sons of country clergy- 
