92 
THE DATA OF ETHICS. 
is “ Specimen Botanicum Quo Plantarum Plurium Rariorum 
Anglic Indigenarum Loci Natales Illustrantur, Authore 
J. Blackstone, Pharm., Lond.” [Londini, 1746.] It is rich in 
local records, mostly belonging to the Metropolitan Counties, 
the neighbourhoods of Oxford and Cambridge, and the 
County of York. It does not contain a single Worcester 
reference. 
The records of the first period may be summed up as 
under:— 
Species. 
How, Phytologia, 1650 ... 2 
Merrett, Pinax, 1666 ... 5 
Ray, Cataiogus, 1670 ... 1 
Pitt, Phil. Trans. 1678 ... 1 
Ray, Gibson's Camden , 1695 ... 1 
Billenius, Hort. Eltham., 1782 ... 1 
n 
We have now reached the end of what may he termed the 
pre-Linnsean era. The adoption of the Linnaean system of 
classification, and the introduction of the binomial nomen¬ 
clature, due to the publication, in 1753, of the first edition of 
the “ Species Plantarum ,” made an epoch in Botanical Science. 
(To be continued.) 
THE DATA OF ETHICS. 
BY CONSTANCE C. W. NADEN. 
( Continued from page 63.) 
Evolution has been possible only by the correlation of 
pains with injuries, and of pleasures with benefits. For if 
an organism persistently preferred what was hurtful to it, and 
disliked what was beneficial, that organism would have a 
very small chance of surviving, and transmitting to offspring 
its suicidal peculiarity. Y r ou cannot, for instance, transmit 
liking for starvation as a family trait. To a certain extent, 
then, the simple sensations are true and safe guides. But 
the evolutional progress is towards increased length and 
breadth of life ; and with every fresh adjustment to the 
environment, involving new developments both of structure 
and function, the mental and bodily activities grow more 
coherent, more definite, and more heterogeneous. That is, 
