APPENDIX. 
I. TREES. 
The prevailing trees (I speak only of what I saw) on the east 
and west branches of the Penobscot and on the upper part of the 
Allegash were the fir, spruce (both black and white), and arbor- 
vitse, or “ cedar.” The fir has the darkest foliage, and, together 
with the spruce, makes a very dense “ black growth,” especially 
on the upper parts of the rivers. A dealer in lumber with whom 
I talked called the former a weed, and it is commonly regarded as 
fit neither for timber nor fuel. But it is more sought after as an 
ornamental tree than any other evergreen of these woods except 
the arbor-vitsc. The black spruce is much more common than the 
white. Both are tall and slender trees. The arbor-vitse, which is 
of a more cheerful hue, with its light-green fans, is also tall and 
slender, though sometimes two feet in diameter. It often fills the 
swamps. 
Mingled with the former, and also here and there forming exten¬ 
sive and more open woods by themselves, indicating, it is said, a 
better soil, were canoe and yellow birches (the former was always 
at hand for kindling a fire, — we saw no small white-birches in that 
wilderness), and sugar and red maples. 
The Aspen (Populus tremuloides) was very common on burnt 
grounds. We saw many straggling white pines, commonly unsound 
trees, which had therefore been skipped by the choppers; these 
were the largest trees we saw ; and we occasionally passed a small 
wood in which this was the prevailing tree; but I did not notice 
nearly so many of these trees as I can see in a single walk in Con¬ 
cord. The speckled or hoary alder (Alnus incana) abounds every¬ 
where along the muddy banks of rivers and lakes, and in swamps. 
Hemlock could commonly be found for tea, but was nowhere abun- 
