APPENDIX. 
311 
(sweet-gale), Nemopanthes Canadensis (mountain holly), Cephalan - 
thus occidentalis (button-bush), Ribes prostratum , in some places 
(fetid currant). 
More particularly of shrubs and small trees in swamps: some 
willows, Kalmia glauca (pale laurel), Ledum latifolium and palustre 
(Labrador tea), Ribes lacustre (swamp gooseberry), and in one place 
Betula pumila (low birch). At camps and carries: raspberry, Vac - 
cinium Canadense (Canada blueberry), Prunus Pennsylvania also 
along shore (wild red cherry), Amelanchier Canadensis (shad-bush), 
Sambucus pubens (red-berried elder). Among those peculiar to the 
mountains would be the Vaccinium vitis-ideea (cow-berry). 
Of plants commonly regarded as introduced from Europe, I 
observed at Ansel Smith's clearing, Chesuncook, abundant in 
1857 : Ranunculus acris (buttercups), Plantago major (common 
plantain), Chenopodium album (lambVquarters), Capsella bursa-pas¬ 
tor is, 1853 (shepherd's-purse), Spergula arvensis , also, north shore 
of Moosehead, in 1853, and elsewhere, 1857 (corn-spurrey), 
Taraxacum dens-leonis —regarded as indigenous by Gray, but evi¬ 
dently introduced there — (common dandelion), Polygonum Persica- 
ria and hydropiper, by a logging-path in woods at Smith's (lady's- 
thumb and smart-weed), Rumex acetosella, common at carries (sheep- 
sorrel), Trifolium pratense, 1853, and carries frequent (red clover), 
Leucanthemum vulgare, carries (white weed), Phleumpratense, carries, 
1853-7 (herd’s-grass), Verbena hastata (blue vervain), Cirsium ar- 
vense , abundant at camps 1857 (Canada thistle), Rumex crispus?, 
West Branch, 1853 ? (curled dock), Verbascum thapsus , between 
Bangor and lake, 1853 (common mullein). 
It appears that I saw about a dozen plants which had accom¬ 
panied man as far into the woods as Chesuncook, and had natu¬ 
ralized themselves there, in 1853. Plants begin thus early to spring 
by the side of a logging-path, — a mere vista through the woods, 
which can only be used in the winter, on account of the stumps 
and fallen trees, — which at length are the roadside plants in old 
settlements. The pioneers of such are planted in part by the first 
cattle, which cannot be summered in the woods. 
