142 
J. R. Matthews. 
that seedlings were observed. It seems that the majority of these 
seedlings, however, do not attain full development, for it is a 
striking feature that wherever Comarum palustre is dominant very 
few other species are associated with it. This is a marked feature 
along the south side. At places on the west side Juncus acutiflorus 
Ehrb. and Mentha aquatica var. major Sole, become locally dominant 
and with these the number of social species is greater. The list 
for the sub-association is as follows:— 
Comarum palustre d. Ranunculus flammula o. 
Menthaaquaticavar. major I.d. Epilobium palustre o. 
Juncus acutiflorus I.d. 
Galium palustre a. 
Agrostis alba a. 
Equisetum limosum a. 
Spiraea Ulmaria f. 
Myosotis caespitosa f. 
Potamogeton polygonifoliusf; 
Carex ampullacea f. 
(B). Alder-Willow Association. The trees of this association, 
forming a fringe round the loch, have been planted, but since the 
habitat is quite a natural one for the species that occur, and since 
self-sown bushes of willow have appeared, it seems desirable to 
separate this community as an association distinct from the 
herbaceous marsh. The surface of the soil is higher above the 
ground water-level than in the herbaceous marsh, and this probably 
accounts for a difference in the floristic composition of the ground 
vegetation. The most remarkable feature is the suppression of 
Comarum palustre and the dominance of Spircea Ulmaria. 
The following trees occur:— 
Salix caprea a. Alnus rotundifolia f. 
S. viminalis a. Populus sp. f. 
S. cinerea f. Salix purpurea r. 
The ground vegetation consists of the following species :— 
Juncus conglomeratus o. 
Juncus effusus o. 
Carex teretiuscula o. 
C. panicea o. 
C. flava o* 
Pedicularis palustris r. 
Veronica scutellata r. 
Spiraea Ulmaria d. 
Aira caespitosa s.d. 
Galium palustre a. 
Hydrocotyle vulgaris a. 
Mentha sativa a. 
Myosotis caespitosa a. 
Iris pseud-acorus l.a. 
Nasturtium officinale f. 
Juncus acutiflorus f. 
Holcus lanatus f. 
Equisetum sylvaticum f. 
Caltha palustris o. 
Cardamine pratensis o. 
Viola palustris o. 
Epilobium tetragonum o. 
Angelica sylvestris o. 
