The White Moss Loch. 
T 47 
Water was introduced from the loch, but the pond failed to give 
satisfactory results and local curlers abandoned it. In a short time 
it became occupied by Ranunculus aquatilis, this species having 
spread from the loch. Potamogeton natans followed, became 
dominant in a few years, and the crowfoot ultimately disappeared. 
At the present time Ranunculus aquatilis is not found either in 
the pond or in the loch, but how it has been exterminated from the 
latter the writer is unable to say. Nor can definite reasons be 
given for the disappearance of Utricularia vulgaris, and Zanni- 
cliellia palustris, both recorded in White’s “Flora of Perthshire.” 
The case of Alisma plantago, however, has been followed. Some 
years ago this plant was plentiful in the herbaceous marsh on the 
east side, but successional development accompanied by a dense 
growth of Spircea has crowded it out, and the species is now repre¬ 
sented by a single plant, which has taken refuge in a more aquatic 
habitat in the disused curling pond. In the herbaceous marsh on 
the west side Triglochin palustre occurred as an occasional species. 
It is now extinct, due to suppression by Comarum palustre. 
Eleocharis acicularis has entirely disappeared from the reed-swamp, 
and the same fate has befallen Bidens cernua. 1 Thus, in vegeta- 
tional succession, in addition to the elimination of one community 
by another, there may be in the development of any one community 
a struggle between different species in which the subordinate are 
ultimately suppressed by the more potent. 
The Plant Succession. 
The developmental succession follows the order in which the 
plant-communities have been described, and in outline corresponds 
with the accounts given by other writers for similar habitats. 
Warming 2 gives a summary of the process for expanses of fresh 
water in Europe. Cooper, 3 in his detailed study of the vegetation 
of Isle Royale in Lake Superior, has described the development 
from aquatic vegetation to the final forest stage, and to the succession 
has applied the term hydrarch. The origin of the peat deposits in 
Ohio has been studied by Dachnowski, 4 who distinguishes five 
successions in the development of forest from an originally aquatic 
habitat. In Britain the succession has been noted by most writers 
1 J. R. Matthews, l.c., p. 195. 
* E. Warming, l.c., p. 358. 
8 W. S. Cooper. “ Vegetation of Isle Royale, Lake Superior.” Bot. Gaz., 
Vol. 55, 1913. 
4 A. Dachnowski. “The peat deposits of Ohio.” Review in Journ. of 
Ecol., Vol. I, 1913, p. 286. 
