Notes on Recent Literature. 
172 
Some of the granules in these young cells grew rapidly and gave 
rise to chromatophores, while the remainder retained their original 
size or produced longer or shorter filaments arising by incomplete 
separation of the divided grains; and as these unaltered bodies 
were found along with chromatophores in fully developed cells, he 
attempts to draw a sharp distinction between the two kinds and 
elaborates the view that chromatophores and chondriosomes are 
structures of entirely different nature and that there is no genetic 
connexion between them. He admits, however, that though he 
could find no transitional forms such as those described by Pensa, 
Lewitsky, Forenbacher and Guillermond, he could on the other 
hand detect no differences between those granules in the meri- 
stematic cells which by continued division gave rise to the numerous 
chondriosomes found in older cells and the granules which on his 
view give rise to the chromatophores; yet he concludes that these 
primary granules are of quite different nature and supports the 
Schimper-Meyer view of the origin of chromatophores from pie- 
existing chromatophores. This strange piece of reasoning is backed 
up by the argument that if Lewitsky’s view be adopted we have a 
sharp break in the phylogenetic series : it is admitted that in Algae 
with a single large or primitively constructed chromatophore the 
latter is invariably derived by division from that of the parent cell 
or ccenocyte, while according to Sapehin (see below) all the 
chloroplasts in a Moss plant are derived by division from the single 
chromatophore present in the spore, hence it is prima facie 
improbable that the chromatophores in higher plants should 
originate in a different manner. Rudolph examined a number of 
Algae, Fungi and Mosses, also Selaginella, but could find no 
chondriosomes in any except Achlya and Vaucheria. He gives 
citations of a number of papers in which earlier authors described 
chondriosome-like structures in various groups of flowerless plants, 
but points out that further investigation of these bodies is required. 
Sapehin (1911) observed during a study of sporogenesis in 
Mosses that each archesporial cell contained one or two deeply 
staining bodies, often lying close to the nucleus, and on tracing the 
fate of these bodies in both fixed and fresh material found that they 
were not centrospheres but chloroplasts. He examined various 
other plants and found that one or a pair of plastids occurred in the 
archesporial cells of Anthoceros, all the Mosses investigated, 
Selaginella and Isoetes, while in the remaining Hepaticae and 
Pteridophytes, as also in the Spermophytes, the archesporial cells 
contained each a considerable number of plastids. The single 
chloroplast of the Anthoceros spore-mother-cell and its division 
had, of course, long been known. Sapehin traced the division of 
the single chloroplast in the spore-mother-cell of various Mosses 
into four, one going into each spore of the tetrad, and found that 
this divided repeatedly so that the ripe spore contained several 
chloroplasts, as did all the cells of the gametophyte and of the 
embryo sporophyte. The reduction in number of the plastids to 
one in the spore-mother-cell takes place simply by the division of 
the chloroplasts ceasing to keep pace with that of the nucleus in 
the cells of the sporogenous tissue (spore-sac), so that eventually 
each archesporial cell contains only one or sometimes two. In a 
second paper Sapehin (1913) noted that Lycopodium is to be added 
