W. Watson. 
184 
Curnowii, and some species of Campylopus, Philonotis, Bartramin, 
Encalypta and Swartzia. 
In Polytrichum the rhizoids are sometimes aggregated in strands 
suggestive of the rhizinae of lichens, and in Hypnum they are often 
produced from the apex or surface of the leaf, e.g., H. stramineum, 
H. jluitans, H. falcatum. 
The presence of rhizoids in the furrows of the gametophore 
of Marchantiaceae renders a conducting strand unnecessary. The 
tubercular rhizoids make possible the maintenance of a more 
copious supply of water than the smooth ones do, as the size of the 
resistant air-bubble is more limited (7). The oblique end-walls of 
rhizoids also aid conduction, owing to the increased contact between 
the two cells. 
In the terrestrial form of Riccici fluitans rhizoids are more 
numerous than in the aquatic form, and Cavers (4) mentions that 
rhizoids increase in number in the xerophilous and decrease in the 
hydrophilous forms of Reboulia. 
(c) Filamentous cr Lamellar Outgrowths, which serve as organs 
of assimilation or reproduction, also act in a capillary manner. As 
examples may be mentioned the chlorophyllous plates on the leaves of 
Polytrichacece, Tortula pusilla, T. lamellata, and Gottschea sciurea 
(7), the assimilating filaments of the Aloina section of Tortula (Fig. 
3, 15-17), the filiform appendages in the axils of the leaves of 
Plagiothecium silvaticum and P. denticulatum, the cilia at the base 
of the leaves or under-leaves in CEdipodium, many speciesof Lophozia, 
and Lophocolea cuspidata. 
( d ) Modified Branches with Small Leaves, as the filamentous 
offshoots of Plagiothecium elegans, the gemmiform ramuli of Leucodon 
sciuroides, the axillary flagella of Dicranum flagellare, the innovations 
of Bryum, and the pendant branches of Sphagnum intermedium 
and some other Sphagna. The flagella in Weber a nutans are not 
pronounced, but if a wet-ground form is gradually deprived of its 
water-supply, long, slender, distant- and small-leaved shoots may 
be induced, especially if the retarding action of light be eliminated. 
The flagella of hepatics are similar, and sometimes take root 
so as to increase the absorptive areas of the plants. They are 
found in Bazzania, Lepidozia, Hygrobiella, and some species of 
Cephalozia. Lepidozia reptans (Fig. 2, 1) has more flagella than 
its ally (L. Pearsoni) of wetter ground. In damp situations the 
flagella of Cephalozia bicuspidata are more numerous than in aquatic 
habitats; its relative (C. Lammersiana) is a larger plant, has no 
flagella and is generally found in wetter places. 
