214 
Shiv Ram Kashyap. 
receptacle consisting of many branches. The same explanation 
holds good for the female receptacle of Exormotheca, but the 
number of reproductive branches there (two) has become permanently 
fixed. In Griffithia , as described below, the number of female 
reproductive shoots in an involucre varies between one and two. 
Finally, in Targiouia the number is again fixed at one. 
Laterally elongated receptacles have also been mentioned by 
Lang in Cyathodiiim cavernarum and these no doubt indicate a 
single dichotomy. The terminal receptacles of C. tuberosum may 
have four to nine or more branches (Fig. 1, h, l, in), each being 
represented by a lobe of the disc and each having a few scales in 
two rows on the ventral surface. The receptacle is obviously 
similar to the receptacle of Mnrchantia, but reduced as regards 
assimilating tissue. Goebel 1 has pointed out that the disc of the 
receptacle of the composite type like Marchantia is not radial but 
symmetrically divisible only by one plane. This condition is very 
well seen in the receptacle under consideration (Fig. 1, h, l, m). 
Antheridia are developed in centrifugal order so that the youngest 
antheridia are found near the tips of the lobes. The upper surface 
is studded with the papillae containing the openings of the chambers 
in which the antheridia are situated. The mouth of the papilla is 
usually bounded by six cells. The structure and development 
resemble what has been described by Lang for C. cavernarum. 
A row of six cells was observed without any vertical walls at one 
stage of development. The mature antheridium has a short stalk 
and a wall of large hyaline cells. Ripe spermatozoids were observed 
in many sections, though the cilia were not visible. The spermatozoids 
are long narrow thread-like coiled bodies about lOg long without 
the cilia. They resemble the spermatozoids of Targionia hypophylla 
and Riccia crystallina as observed by the Writer, and other Marchan- 
tiales in general. 
As already stated the female plants (Fig. 1, o ) are either long 
and narrow or more often they are fan-shaped, due to rapid 
dichotomy of the growing-point. Their large size under favourable 
conditions is remarkable as already mentioned. The number of 
involucres and sporogonia is very large. In one specimen twenty-one 
involucres were counted and this is by no means unusual. The 
number of ripe sporogonia is one to four in each involucre. The 
archegonia differ in position from those of C. cavernarum as the 
growing-point is displaced downwards and backwards and they 
1 “ Organography of Plants.” Eng. Trans., vol. 2, p. 85. 
