222 
Shiv Ram Kashyap. 
We see, on the whole, that the structure of the thallus is like 
that of a Clevea, but the scales are not scattered on the ventral 
surface. They are in two rows. 
The plant is monoecious. The antheridia are produced in two 
rows embedded in the thallus behind the female receptacle (Fig. 3, a). 
There is absolutely no indication of the presence of the antheridia 
in the fresh thallus from the outside. There are no projecting 
papillae of the antheridial chambers as are found in most other 
Marchantiales. In spirit specimens the antheridia can be seen by 
means of a powerful magnifying lens under suitable conditions of 
light as round white bodies inside the thallus. On account of the 
small amount of material their development could not be traced. 
The ripe or almost ripe antheridium lies in close contact with the 
cells of the thallus and the separation of the thallus cells from the 
walls of the antheridium can be made out only with difficulty. 
Even in the microtome sections of the few specimens showing 
antheridia no trace of a papilla could be made out. Efforts will be 
made to obtain more material next year in order to work out the 
development and the dehiscence of the antheridium. The antheri¬ 
dium in the later stages of its development (Fig. 4,/) resembles that 
of Cyathodium or Targiouia. It is, however, not elongated, but 
spherical and no stalk could be made out. The wall consists of a 
layer of hyaline cells which were very large and radially elongated 
in the specimens examined, so that they were very conspicuous. 
The spermatozoid mother cells did not present any peculiarity. 
The female receptacle is very remarkable and variable in 
position. It may be terminal, lateral or in the fork between two 
branches (Fig. 3). The position is to be explained in the same way 
as the position of the male receptacle of Cyathodium tuberosum, i.e., 
some branches of the forking thallus develop as sterile shoots and 
others become female. The female shoot, however, is reduced to 
the receptacle. The receptacle may have a single involucre or the 
shoot may have branched forming two involucres side by side 
(Fig. 3, b). The mature receptacle is attached to the thallus by a 
small stalk-like constriction which has a distinct groove (Fig. 4, g) 
and a few scales on the anterior (ventral) side. The involucre in the 
mature state is an ovate body opening by a narrow circular mouth 
directed upwards and forwards. The dorsal tissue of the receptacle 
is the same as the dorsal tissue of the thallus and is continuous with 
it. The margins of the involucre are very thin and hyaline and the 
ventral part is only a single layer of cells in thickness and quite 
