270 A. G. Tansley » 
spp., Acer circinatnm , etc. In more open forest which has been 
partially cleared there are often pure stands of Ceanothus velutinus. 
On the higher slopes of the Cascades (5,000-8,000 feet) up to the 
rim of Crater Lake itself, subalpine forest of Tsuga Fattoniana with 
Abies nobilis, A. magnified , Pinus monticola, and P. albicaulis occur t 
Alnus sinnata, closely allied to the European A. viridis, shows good 
alternation with Abies on the steep slopes of the crater leading down 
from the rim to the lake. 
Thus there is a fine and well-marked zonation from the plain of 
the Rogue River valley up to the tree-limit on the Southern Cascades: 
(1) semi-arid grassland, (2) scrub or “ chaparral,” (3) mixed 
coniferous forest in which Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga are the 
leading trees, with Pinus Lambertiana, P. Murrayana , etc., at higher 
altitudes, (4) subalpine coniferous forest with Tsuga Pattoniaua, 
Abies, etc. This is no doubt largely determined by gradual increase 
of moisture as the mountains are ascended. 
Crater Lake itself is a wonderful scenic feature. It occupies 
an immense crater caused by the subsidence of an old volcanic cone 
estimated to have been 14,000 feet high. The edge of the present rim 
reaches in places 8,100 feet, while the level of the lake below is 6,180 
feet. The lake itself which has an area of more than 12 square miles, 
is very deep (2,000 feet in places) and its waters are fresh and very 
clear and blue. The atmospheric effects are wonderfully beautiful. 
The weather we experienced there was not all that could be 
desired—a gale of wind was blowing and driving rain and thick mist 
alternated. But the warmth of our welcome at Crater Lake Lodge 
was in strong contrast to the inhospitable weather. 
On September 5th the party returned to Medford and were 
entertained to dinner by the Medford Commercial Club and the 
University Club of Medford—the ladies of the pafrty by the Women’s 
University Club. On the following morning some of the famous 
pear orchards, beautifully kept and cultivated, were visited under 
the guidance of their owners. Mr. P. J. O’Gara, who ably and 
enthusiastically led the party during their stay, has very largely con¬ 
tributed to the success of the fruit industry by his untiring efforts 
in counteracting plant-disease and climatic dangers such as frost. 
The profits made in this industry, particularly on pears, are almost 
incredible. The thing is done by the utmost care in cultivation and 
the determination to sell nothing hut the best. The consequence 
is that the very best prices are obtained and the market dominated. 
The air of happy and abounding prosperity which this rapid and 
overwhelming success has given to the town of Medford is very 
