3°8 
Shiv Ram Kashyap. 
workers to the vascular anatomy of seedlings, it may be noted that 
Coulter and Land consider the vascular strands to be secondary 
structures, the position and appearance of which are determined by 
the position of the growing points. They cannot therefore be 
regarded as phylogenetically important structures. 
Botany School, 
Cambridge. August 1914. 
LIST OF REFERENCES. 
1. Coulter, J. M., and Land, W. J. G. “The Origin of Monocotyledony.” 
Bot. Gaz., Vol. 57, 1914, p. 509. 
2. Farrell, M. E., “ The Ovary and Embryo of Cyrtanthus sanguineus.” Bot. 
Gaz., Vol. 57, 1914, p. 428. 
3. Nitzschke, J. “ Beitrage zur Phylogenie der Monokotylen, gegriindet auf 
der Embryosackentwicklungapokarper nymphseaceen 
und Helobien.” Cohn’s Beitrage zur Biologie der 
Pflanzen Bd. 7, 1914, p. 223. 
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON NEW 
AND LITTLE-KNOWN WEST-HIMALAYAN 
LIVERWORTS. II. 
By Shiv Ram Kashyap, B.A., M.Sc., 
Professor of Botany, Government College, Lahore. 
[With Eight Figures in the Text.] 
I T was shown in the last paper 1 that Tacoma, and not Exormotheca, 
must be taken to be the simplest type of the Composite. The 
bearing of some new Himalayan liverworts on the dorsal position 
of the female carpocephalum will be discussed in the present paper. 
1 New Phytologist, Vol. 13, pp. 206-226. 
