New and Little Known West-Himalayan Liverworts. 311 
The female receptacle is situated in a pit in the angle between 
two vegetative shoots. This pit has no anterior margin but laterally 
and posteriorly the walls bend inwards and more or less cover the 
young receptacle. If no archegonium is fertilised the receptacle 
remains merely as a hemispherical cushion and does not develop 
further, while the two shoots begin to form antheridia. If the 
Fig. 2. Exormotheca tuber if era : a, part of longitudinal section of thallus, 
showing structure of air-chamber, x 200 ; b, stoma from carpocephalum, seen 
from above, X 200; c, ventral scale, x 50 \ d, young antheridium, x 50; e, 
transverse section of stalk of carpocephalum, X 50 ; f, vertical section of 
carpocephalum (assimilating filaments in air-chambers not shown), x 15 ; g, 
part of /, showing filaments in air-chambers, X 50 ; h, a few cells of the capsule 
wall, seen from within, x 200 ; i, spore, X 200 ; j, papillae of spore cut 
vertically, x 400 ; h, elater-Iike cells from apex of capsule, x 200. 
archegonia are fertilised the two shoots still go on growing but do 
not produce any antheridia. The archegonia are one to four in 
each lateral group accompanied by a few simple filaments (para- 
physes) of about four cells each. The small receptacle tissue 
contains air-chambers filled with green filaments, but very few or no 
chloroplasts are found in the cells of the septa separating the 
