Study and Survey of British Vegetation. 105 
were absent. Mr. F. J. Lewis summarised his latest observations on 
Peat deposits, the results of three months’ work in the Shetlands 
and the North of Scotland, including Rannoch Moor and several 
parts of the Grampians. The results conform to, and amplify, 
those of previous years, already published. The whole investigation 
has yielded most valuable results from the thorough and systematic 
manner in which it has been conducted, and in contrast to the 
former fragmentary and in many cases untrustworthy accounts, 
those of Mr. Lewis mark distinct progress in the knowledge of 
British Peat deposits. 
Sections of peat examined on the Pennines near Halifax were 
described by Mr. W. B. Crump. In each case the peat was mainly 
composed of the remains of Eriophorum (and in two sections 
Sphagnum), Calluna being present somewhat sparingly in certain 
layers; the peat of this district seems therefore to have been 
formed under uniform conditions. Remains of Oak and Hazel were 
identified up to 1,100 feet, while Birch occurred at 1,250 and 1,400 
feet, in all cases near streams. The water-content of peat was also 
examined, and results indicate that the deep peat of the Eriophorum- 
moor, so extensive in this area, has a larger water-content than the 
shallow peat of the Calluna moor ; also that under varying seasonal 
conditions the percentage of water tends to remain nearly uniform. 
Mr. R. Lloyd Praeger communicated recent observations in 
Ireland. The steep rocky island of Lambay off the coast of County 
Dublin has come into possession of an owner who has provided 
every facility for a thorough examination of the Natural History in 
every direction. The vegetation forms well-defined groups, including 
maritime halophytes and rock-plants, mesophytic grass-land and 
Bracken, hydrophytic associations, and an interesting rock-desert 
association of Seduni anglicum. The first step in examining the 
ecology has been the charting of the principal associations, and the 
results, illustrated by a splendid series of plant-photographs by Mr. 
R. Welch, were communicated. There is little doubt that Lambay 
offers exceptional opportunities for ecological observations of great 
value, and it is probable that the last has not been heard of it. 
A further contribution on the Vegetation of Yorkshire was 
given by Dr. W. G. Smith, who exhibited the field-maps almost 
completed of North-East Yorkshire from the Tees south to the 
Vale of Pickering. The district is distinguished by a small number 
of plant-associations which are uniform over a wide area. A recent 
investigation on the glaciation of the district enables one to define 
