208 
Douglas Houghton Campbell. 
augmented, but even at the present time the described species can 
hardly exceed 5,000, or less than half as many as those of the single 
angiospermous family, the Composite. The 3,862 species of true 
Hepaticze enumerated by Schiffncr, are very unequally divided 
between the Jungermanniales and Marchantiales, the latter com¬ 
prising but 275 species, of which more than 100 belong to the single 
genus, Riccia. Of the Jungermanniales, but 264 belong to the 
thallose forms or Anacrogynze, the leafy acrogynous species 
numbering more than 3,300. To the Anthocerotaceze are assigned 
103 species. 
Most of the genera, especially those of the three smaller groups 
of the Liverworts, are widely distributed, and many genera and a 
good many species are cosmopolitan. Of the larger cosmopolitan 
genera, Riccia, Marchantia, Aneura, and Frullania are examples. 
Other cosmopolitan genera have few species, and are usually less 
uniformly distributed. Rehoulia and Ricciocarpus are examples of 
such genera among the Marchantiaceze, and Metzgeria, Pallavicinia 
and Fossombronia of the thallose Jungermanniaceze. Some of the 
larger genera of the foliose Jungermanniaceze outnumber in species 
the whole of the Marchantiales, or the thallose Jungermanniaceze. 
Thus Frullania is credited by Schiffner with 310 species, Pla- 
giochila with 463. 
The smaller genera are usually somewhat discontinuous in 
their distribution, although they may occur in all quarters of the 
earth. Thus Targionia, with but two species, is represented in 
Southern and Western Europe, Africa, Java, Australia and Western 
America, but is quite absent from Eastern America and from most 
of Asia. The monotypic Lunularia cruciata has a similar distribution 
in the Old World, but is as yet unknown, except where introduced, 
in America. Of the anacrogynous Jungermanniales, Dlasia pusilla, 
also a monotypic species, is wide-spread through Europe and North 
America and also occurs in Australia, while Pellia is common to 
the greater part of the Northern hemisphere. Pellia is not yet 
reported from the Southern hemisphere, and Fegatella, another 
widely distributed northern genus, is not yet known south of the 
equator. Of exclusively southern genera may be cited Funicularia 
(Brazil), Hymenophyton (South America, Australasia), Zoopsis 
(Java, Australasia, South Americzi). The genus Calycularia has a 
rather peculiar distribution. Of the three species, two are tropical— 
one in Java, one in the mountains of the East Indies—while the 
third occurs in Arctic Siberia. Monoclea, with two species, is 
