±22 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[AfiuL, 
Contents for April, 1870. 
Calendar for April. 
Abronia. .. •.. Illustrated.. 141 
Achyrantlies Lindenii. Illustrated. .144 
Alsike Clover... Illustrated.. 136 
Barley, THo Cultivation of...139 
Boat for Getting Out Muck. Illustrated.. 137 
Boys’ and Girls’ Columns.—Under Broadway—Bees— 
What will Fit Him to be a Farmer ? — Items—How 
the Chinese Cultivate and Make Tea—New Prob¬ 
lems and Puzzles—Answers.. .3 Illustrations.. 147-14S 
Budding the Grape-Vine.4 Illustrations. .142 
Canada Thistles and other Weeds.2 Illustrations. .139 
Collecting Sea-Fowl’s Eggs. Illustrated.. 140 
Corn Fodder as a Soiling Crop.. 139 
Crab-Apples.2 Illustrations.. 142 
Dog and Sheep Power for Churning.. .2 Illustrations. .136 
Farm Work in April. 122 
Flower Garden and Lawn in April.124 
Fruit for the North-west..141 
Fruit Garden in April. 123 
Green-house and Window Plants.124 
Horse Papers for Farmers—No. 4.132 
House, A Convenient Country or Village. .6 Ulus.. 128-129 
Household Department.—A Shaded Garden Seat.— 
Scouring Knives, etc. — “Sun-light Oil.”—A 
Household Humbug—Bow to Cook Dried Boef—A 
Letter on Washing-day Matters, by Faith Roches¬ 
ter—How to Have a Variety in Food—Citron and 
Raisins—Recipes.3 Illustrations. .145-146 
New Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums. Illustrated. .144 
Ivy-leaved Toad-Flax. Illustrated.. 144 
Jerusalem Artichoke.135 
Kitchen Garden In April. 123 
Manure for the Garden. 144 
Market Reports. 125 
Ogden Farm Papers.—No. 4—Beat Bull for Dairy 
Stock—Preparing for Soiling Corn—Thorough¬ 
bred Stallion—Butter in Winter—Butter Workers. 131 
Opium Culture.143 
Orchard and Nursery in April.128 
Osier Willow as a Hedge. 133 
Parsnips, now to Raise. . .139 
Poultry—Hints on Turkey Raising.188 
Poultry—The Sultan Fowls. ... Illustrated.. 133 
Premi ums .A”...124 
Proposed New Vegetable —Pohjnmia edulis . ,lUus. .142 
Quadrupeds—The Northern Hare. Illustrated.. 133 
Relics of the Grape Mania. 143 
Spring Flowers—The Twin-loaf. Illustrated.. 141 
Swine—Essex Pigs. Illustrated. .121-130 
Three-story Barns.5 Illustrations. .137 
Tobacco Culture. 130 
Walks and Talks on the Farm—No. 78—Manuring for 
Immediate Effect— Summer-fallowing — Manure 
from Cows—Price of Farm Labor.134-135 
Wooden Shoes for Horses.4 Illustrations. .138 
INDEX TO “BASKET” OR SMALLER ARTICLES. 
How Crops Feed.127 
How to Apply Manure.. .127 
How to Manage a 7-acre 
Farm.. 130 
Improving Hogs.129 
Inland Fisheries.127 
Alien’s Catalogues.127 
Am. Botanist & Florist..126, 
Bud Smelling Cisterns. .129 
Bark Louse.'.127 
Barn Itch.126 
Best Roots for Milch ,___ 
Cows...129 Meadow, To Improve.. 
Burning Bones... .127|Name Your State 
Button-hole Bouquets.7^.127 
Cabbage Book.126 
Charleston Floral Ex_127 
Chesapeake & Ohio it. 
R. Bonds...126 
Climbing Fern.127 
Clover for Pigs.127 
Norway aiid other Oats. .130 
Ohio, Fruit and Bugs_126 
Peaches in Ind. 127 
Plaster on Clover.127 
Raising Lambs by Hand.127 
Rose-bugs on Vines.127 
Sap Spouts. 139 
Corn-stalks for Mulch. ,126|Setting Trees.126 
Corn vs. Wheat in Va.. .127 
Cropping an Orchard_127 
Feeding' Jersey Cattle.. .126 
Fruit in Iowa.126 
Good Pigs.127 
Grafting the Hickory... .127 
Hair for Mat trass. ...... .120 
Harris on the Pig. 129 
House Building Quest’s.129 
Shot-land in Ky.127 
Sundry Humbugs.126 
TorreyBot. Chib.127 
Tree JPedlers. 126 
Vine Protector . 111.. 127 
Weeds of Maine.127 
Weights of Ayrault Oxeul2G 
Will it Pay to Raise Cat¬ 
tle?.129 
Binds Volumes Supplied.—The back volumes 
of the Agriculturist are very valuable. They contain 
information upon every topic connected with rural life, 
out-door and in-door, and the last thirteen volumes make 
up a very complete library. Each volume has a full index 
for ready reference to any desired topic. We hare on 
hand, and print from electrotype plates as wanted, all the 
numbers and volumes for thirteen years pa&t, beginning 
with 1857—that is, Vol. 16 lo Vol. 28, inclusive. Any of 
these volumes sent complete (in numbers) at $-1.75 each 
post-paid, (or $1.50 if taken at the office). The volumes, 
neatly bound, are supplied for $2 each, or $2.50 if to he 
sent by mail. Any single numbers of the past thirteen 
years wiH be supplied, post-paid, for 15 cents each 
Boston. NEng- 
y. r. cuv. ct„ 
Washington, 
land , N. 
York 
Philadelphia , 
Maryland, 
State, Miclii- 
New Jersey. 
Virginia,Ken- 
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Penn., 
Ohio, 
lucky , Missou- 
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5 44 
6 94 
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7 
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5 10 8 47 
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PHASES OF THE MOON 
moo:*. I boston. 
N. YORK. 
wasii'n. 
cha'bton 
CHICAGO. 
In. n. m. 
1st Quart.. 81 11 41 ev. 
Full.15| 5 42 ev. 
Sd Quart... 23; 11 41 m. 
New Moon 130! 1 53 ev. 
K. M. 
11 29 ev. 
5 30 ev. 
11 29 m. 
1 41 ev. 
H. M. 
A if ev. 
5 18 ev. 
11 17 m. 
1 29 ev. 
H. M. 
11 5 ev. 
5 6 ev. 
11 5 111 . 
1 17 ev. 
H. M. 
10 35 ev. 
4 36 ev. 
10 35 ill. 
0 47 ev. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 

NEW YORK, APRIL, 1870. 
However much winter we may have in March, 
we are sure to have spring in April. At the time 
of writing, our summer-like winter is tardily as¬ 
serting itself, and making spring dates like apples 
of Sodom—or broken promises. Farmers are like¬ 
ly to have their generalship and management sorely 
taxed, for a late spring puts one’s power of every 
kind to the test. If a farmer cannot multiply men 
and teams to suit the tardiness of the season and 
his own convenience, lie must manage his work to 
accomplish the most possible with the fewest steps 
of men and teams, and in the shortest time. A late 
spring does not insure a late June, but we may 
calculate on rather an early one—no harm will be 
done whether it comes or not. We are too apt to 
look over the fence, and plan work by our neigh¬ 
bor’s, and take somebody’s else estimate of the 
weather, etc. Men seldom blunder in getting 
ahead with work. The common failing with 
American farmers is, that they cannot manage men 
except as foremen, doing half as much again work 
as any man they can hire. If such a one makes 
farming pay, it is by the labor of his hands rather 
than by “ the sweat of his brow,” which we are in¬ 
clined to interpret as meaning head-work .”—“By 
the sweat of thy brow thou slialt eat bread.” One 
of the best farmers we know, says, sometimes lie 
fairly longs to do a day’s work, hut he can’t afford 
the time. Now and then he takes hold just to 
show the men that lie knows exactly liow he wants 
the work done; but his time is worth double or 
triple what it will cost him to labor iu the field. We 
train our boys to work, that they may know how 
to do everything well; but they should also be 
trained to manage hands, and plan work. It re¬ 
quires both to make an accomplished farmer. No 
farm work can be done without hands, tools, and 
teams, and it is the farmer’s first business to pro¬ 
vide these, then to make good use of them. 
Farm Hands .—The rate of wages keeps pretty 
high in spite of the low prices realized for most 
farm products. Cities are crowded with men who 
demand a little higher wages than the majority of 
farmers are willing to pay ; but the numbers going 
to parts of the West and South indicate that the 
labor market receives bids from every section. 
Hints AboutWork. 
Live-stock .—As the weather grows warmer, ver¬ 
min increase in numbers on live-stock of all kinds. 
The long coats upon horses, cattle, and sheep, fa¬ 
vor their increase, and when once they have a foot¬ 
hold, only vigilance in the thorough application of 
remedies will rid one’s stables. Washing with car¬ 
bolic soap wo have found effectual. Those who 
have not, must have used the solution too weak. 
The curry-comb, or card and brush, are efficient 
also, and do all kinds of animals much good. 
Spring is a trying season with most stock, and all 
should have plenty of feed and water, with all the 
salt they want. Let cattle and horses drink all 
they will, unless heated, or very thirsty. 
Milch Cows.— Feed new milch cows liberally,, 
giving roots with bran or oil-meal. Cows that 
have not calved should have less of like food. 
Calves , to be reared, should be as well fed as 
those intended for the butcher, unless they be of 
those breeds like Jerseys, Kerrys, and Brittanys, in. 
which diminutive, or small size, is a point cf excel¬ 
lence. We believe in removing calves to be brought 
up by hand, at once from the cow, and teaching 
them to drink from the very first. It is much safer 
to trust them with the cows in the same pastures 
afterwards. Sour milk will produce scours, and] 
boiled milk, thickened with a little flue wheat 
flour, will pretty surely check it, if not neglected. 
Working Oxen ., that have been doing little during 
the winter, will be liable to have sore necks if the 
yokes and bows do not fit well. If much is de¬ 
manded, give extra feed, and groom like horses. 
Beeves should have the range of a yard on fine 
days, after feeding. Give them no chance at the 
grass until they are turned out into rich, fattening 
pastures. Oxen well wintered, and not over¬ 
worked, will do a great amount of labor if well 
fed, and turned out in June, will fatten rapidly. 
Horses .—Groom daily and thoroughly. Have 
especial care that they are not chilled after work, 
and that feed and water are not given too soon. At 
this time, when, In addition to the labor required 
of them, they are renewing their coats, they are 
peculiarly sensitive to cold and exposure. 
Birds are great company about a house, aud a 
great protection against insects. Court the garden 
Wren, and set little houses about, at reasonable 
distances apart, for them. They trouble no fruit, 
and Bluebirds arc equally good as insect killers. 
Getting out Manure.— Determine how many loads 
you will put upon an acre; then, knowing the size 
of the lot, it is easy to calculate in how many 
heaps a load should bo dumped, and how far apart 
they should be. With a definite calculation, and; 
the first row of heaps along a straight side accu¬ 
rately laid, the field may be evenly covered. 
Blowing .—The land should be dry—no packing 
of the soil, nor water standing in the furrows, 
should be seen. The swivel plow is coming greatly 
into favor, because it leaves no dead furrows. A. 
similar advantage attends back furrowing, but this- 
requires close calculation to come out right. For 
root crops, no implement is better than the Michi¬ 
gan plow, provided the land can have a good top¬ 
dressing, or the crop manured in the drill. In 
plowhtg for grain crops, however, the manure 
should be kept near the well-pulverized surface. 
Braining .—Where surface drains will expedite 
the removal of water from the land, open them 
with the plow and shovel; and if opportunity 
offers, when other work will not be hindered, set 
all the hands that can bo spared at underdraining. 
Grain Fields .—Pick off stones, top-dress with 
“hand manures,” sow clover seed, and roll if the 
plants have been heaved by the frost. A good 
flock of sheep driven over the laud has much the 
same effect as a roller upon grain and grass. 
Grass Land .—Permanent meadows need little at¬ 
tention at this season except vigorous letting' 
alone. If there are stones which have worked to 
tho surface, it is a good time to remove them ; 
and where the grass is failing on gravelly knolls, 
and such places, a sprinkling of gypsum and ashes- 
