[July, 
1870 .] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW AND VALUABLE WORK, 
HOW CHOPS FEED. 
A TREATISE ON THE 
ATMOSPHERE AND THE SOIL 
AS RELATED TO THE 
NUTRITION OP AGRICULTURAL PLANTS. 
■WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. 
THE ADVANCE 
FOR ONE DOLLAR! 
FOR ONE DOLLAR!! 
FOR ONE DOLLAR!!! 
FROM JUNE TO JANUARY, 
FROM JUNE TO JANUARY", 
FROM JUNE TO JANUARY". 
WALTHAM WATCHES. 
You can open tlie package and examine the 
watch before paying. 
We send Genuine Waltham Watches with this privilege, 
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Gold Hunting Watches, $70. Every I nitch- warranted by 
special certificate. Send for our descriptive Price List, 
which explains the different kinds, and gives weight and 
quality of the cases, with prices of each. Write as lollows: 
Messrs. HOWARD & CO., No. 785 Broadway, N. Y.: Please 
send me your illustrated Price List of WALTHAM WATCH¬ 
ES, as per advertisement in The American Agriculturist. 
Sign Name and Address in Pull. 
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all the information you desire, and explains our plan of send¬ 
ing Watches by Express without any risk to the purchaser. 
BT 
SAMUEL W. JOHNSON, M. A., 
Professor op Analytical and Agricultural Chem¬ 
istry in the Sheffield Scientific School of 
Yale College ; Chemist to the Connecticut 
State Agricultural Society ; Member of 
the National Academy of Sciences. 
The work entitled “How Crops Grow” has been re¬ 
ceived with very great favor, not only in America, hut in 
Europe. It has been republished in England under the 
joint Editorship of Professors Church and Dyer, of the 
Royal Agricultural College, at Cirencester, and a transla¬ 
tion into German is soon to appear, at the instigation 
of Professor von Liebig. The Author, therefore, puts 
forth this volume—the companion and complement to the 
former — with the hope that it also will he welcomed by 
those who appreciate the scientific aspects of Agricul¬ 
ture, and are persuaded that a true Theory is the surest 
guide to a successful Practice. 
CONTENTS. 
DIVISION I. 
The Atmosphere as Related to Vege¬ 
tation. 
CHAPTER I.—Atmospheric Air as Food of Plants. 
Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere. Relations of 
Oxygen Gas, Nitrogen Gas, Atmospheric Water, Car¬ 
bonic Acid Gas, and Atmospheric Ammonia to Veg¬ 
etable Nutrition. Ozone. Compounds of Nitrogen 
and Oxygen in the Atmosphere. Other Ingredients of 
the Atmosphere. Recapitulation of the Atmospheric 
Supplies of Food to Crops. Assimilation of Atmos¬ 
pheric Food. Tabular View of the Relations of the 
Atmospheric Ingredients to the Life of Plants. 
CHAPTER II.— The Atmosphere as Physically Re¬ 
lated to Vegetation. 
Manner of Absorption of Gaseous Food by Plants. 
DIVISION II. 
The Soil as Related to Vegetable Pro¬ 
duction. 
CHAPTER I.—Introductory. 
CHAPTER II.— Origin and Formation of Soils. 
Chemical and Mineralogical Elements of Rocks. Kinds 
and Characters of Rocks. Conversion of Rocks into 
Soil. Incorporation of Organic Matter with the Soil. 
CHAPTER III.—Kinds of Soils, their Definition and 
Classification. 
Distinctions of Soils based upon the Mode of their For¬ 
mation or Deposition ; and upon Obvious or External 
Characters. 
CHAPTER IV.— Physical Characters of the Soil. 
Weight of Soils. State of Division. Absorption of Va¬ 
por of Water. Condensation of Gases. Power of Re¬ 
moving of Solid Matters from Solution. Permeability to 
Liquid Water. Imbibition. Capillary Power. Changes 
of Bulk by Drying and Frost. Relations to Heat. 
CHAPTER V.— The Son, as a Source of Food to 
Crops: Ingredients whose Elements are of 
Atmospheric Origin. 
The Free Water of the Soil in its Relations to Vegetable 
Nutrition. The Air of the Soil. Non-nitrogenous Or¬ 
ganic Matters. Humus. The Ammonia of the Soil. 
Nitric Acid (Nitrates) of the Soil. Nitrogenous Or¬ 
ganic Matters of the soil. Available Nitrogen. Decay 
of Organic Matters. Nitrogenous Principles of Urine. 
Nutritive Value of Ammonia Salts and Nitrates. 
CHAPTER VI.— 1 The Son, as a Source of Food to 
Crops : Ingredients whose Elements are De¬ 
rived from Rocks. 
General View of the Constitution of the Soil as Related 
to Vegetable Nutrition. Aqueous Solution of the Soil. 
Solution of the Soil in Strong Acids. Portion of Soil 
Insoluble in Acids. Reactions by which the Solubility 
of the Elements of the Soil is altered. Solvent, Effects 
of VariouS Substances. Absorptive and Fixing Power 
of Soils. Review and Conclusion. 
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Onions: How to Raise them Profitably, 
Paper .... ..-20 
Being the Practical Details, from Selection of Seed and 
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the Crop, given very plainly by Seventeen Practical Onion 
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Our Farm of Four Acres, and the Money 
we Made by it.-30 
From the Twelfth London Edition, with an introduc¬ 
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