11 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
1. Muzzle. -2. Race.—3. Fotehcad.—4. Poll.—5. Crest. — 6. Withers.—7. Back.— 
8. Loins.—9. Ilip.—10. Croup.—11. Dock.—12. Quarter.—13. Thigh, or Gaskin.— 
14. Ham-string.—15. Point of the Hock.—1G. Cannon.—17. Fetlock.—18. Large 
Pastern.—19. Small Pastern —20. Hoof.—21. Coronet.—22. Ham, or Hock.—23 
Sheath.—24. Flank.—25. Girth.—28. Elbow.—27. Heel.—28. Hoof.—29. Small Pas¬ 
tern.—30. Large Pastern.—31. Fetlock.—32. Cannon.—33. Knee.—34. Arm.— 35. 
Breast, or Bosom.—36. Point of the Shoulder.—37. Windpipe.—33. Gullet.—39 
iowL 
Description op Horses —We present herewith engravings and 
the specific names of both the live animals and the skeleton. As 
these terms are constantly referrad to in articles treating upon 
horses, it will be well for all to preserve this number and keep it 
for constant reference, or if the numbers are not preserved, cut out 
this page at least. For the first cut we are indebted to “Allen’s 
Domestic Animals.” Had we prepared it originally, we should 
certainly have given the animal a whole, natural tail, f-r we are 
decidedly opposed to any such fantastic unnatural form as is here 
represented. The only animal requiring the tail to be cut off is the 
dog (sheep-killer); and in this case it should be bobhe 1 short up— 
close behind the ears. 
The skeleton cut is from an original drawing prepared by the la e 
Wm. Henry Herbert, previous to the date of his untimely death. 
A. Tim Head.—a The posterior maxillary or under jaw .—b The superior maxillary or upper 
jaw.— c The orbit, or cavity contain! i g the eye —d The nasal bones, or bones of the nose .—e The 
suture dividing the parietal bones below from the occipital bones above.—/The inferior maxillary 
bone. 
B The Seven Cervical Vertebra}, or bones of the neck.—C The Eighteen Dorsal Vertebrae, or 
bones of the back.—D The Six Lumbar Vertebra}, or bones of the loins —E The Five Sacral 
Vertebr®. or bones of the haunch.— F The Caudal Vertebrae, or bones of the tail, generally about 
fifteen.-G The Scapula, or shoulder-blade.—II The Sternum, or fore-part of the chest.—I The 
Cost® or ribs, seven or eight articulating with the sternum, ami called the true ribs ; and ten or 
eleven united together by cartilage, callod the false ribs. —J Tho Humerus, or upper bone of the 
arm.—Iv. The Radius, or upper bone of the arm.—L The Ulna, or elbow. The point of the el¬ 
bow is called the Olecranon.—M The Carpus, or knee, consisting of seven bones. 
N The Metacarpal Bones. The larger metacarpal or cannon or shank in front, and the smaller 
metacarpal or splint bone behind.— g The fore pastern and foot, consisting of the Os Suffraginis, 
or the upper and larger pastern bone, with the sesamoid bones behind, articulating with the can¬ 
non and greater pastern, the Os Coron®, or lesser pastern ; the Os Pedis, or coffin-bone ; and the 
Os Naviculare, or navicular, or shuttle-bone, not seen, and articulating with the smaller pastern 
and coffin bones.— h The corresponding bones of the hind-feet. 
O The Haunch, consisting of three portions : the Ilium, the Ischium, and the Pubis.—P The 
Femur, or thigh.—Q the stiff joint with the Patella.— R The Tibia, or proper leg bone ; behind is 
a small bone called the fibula.—S The Tarsus, or hock, composed of six bones. The prominent 
part is the Os Calcis, or point of the Hock.—T The Metatarsals of the hind leg. 
Ring-Bone in Horses- 
The nature of this disease is not very different 
from that of spavin or splint. It is a circular ring 
of bony matter formed on the pastern bone, gen¬ 
erally affecting the joint, and causing stiffness and 
loss of motion in it. Sometimes, small deposits 
of osseous (bony) matter are made on the pastern 
bones, of different shape and size, which do not 
produce lameness, and are called by horsemen, 
“eling-fasts,” and other names ; but. they are all 
of the same general nature, and are called by ve¬ 
terinarians, exostoses. 
As to the origin of this disease, it is hereditary 
in very many cases. Colts only a few weeks 
old have been found affected with it. Unweaned 
colts, which have been brought up by hand have 
disclosed at the age of four months, swellings on 
the pastern of both hind legs, which ultimately 
resulted in stiff joints. In such cases, the ani¬ 
mals had not been subject to any sort of labor or 
improper exercise to produce lameness, and the 
disease must have been generated at birth. This 
ailment is less common now than formerly, and 
the reason doubtless is that breeders are too wise 
now-a-days to send their mares to horses having 
ring-bones. 
Aside from tainted blood, it is believed that 
horses of a peculiar formation are more liable to 
contract this disease than others One author 
says that “ a coarse, or half-bred, fleshy or bony- 
legged horso, with short and upright pasterns, is 
a frequent subject of this disease.” Youatt adds 
that “ horses with short, upright joints, and with 
small feet and high action, are oftenest the sub¬ 
jects of this disease, which is the consequence 
either of concussion or sprain of the pastern- 
joints.” The exciting causes of ring-bone are 
strains of tlie ligaments, produced by over-work, 
or too fast driving, or by any kind of bruise, sprain 
or blow in the region of the pastern-joint. Yet, 
even in such cases, it is believed by surgeons that 
there is lurking in the system of the subject, “ a 
pre-disposition, a weakness in bone or ligament or 
limb, the result of errors in breeding, aggravated 
by a too early use of the muscular powers, and 
want of proper attention to food and stable man¬ 
agement.” 
The treatment of ring-bone should not aim at 
curing it. Nature never intended a cure. The 
incrustations formed, and the changes in the joint, 
are a part of Nature’s own means to strengthen 
a weak point, and all we should try to do is to 
help nature. A notion has long prevailed, and it 
has crept into many popular works on farriery, 
that “ring-bone is fed by a bladder at the back 
part of the pastern and this notion has led to a 
cruel operation in the treatment of this disease. 
There is indeed a bladder there, called a “ bursal 
sac," the design of which is to secrete a joint-oil 
to lubricate the tendons, and to prevent the fric¬ 
tion of surfaces : how barbarous, then, to destroy 
it! 
When ring-bone develops itself, about all we 
can do is to give the animal rest, and then apply 
remedies to lessen pain and inflammation and 
lameness. If the parts are inactive, it may be 
necessary to apply counter-irritants, blisters, &c. 
A very simple, unstimulating diet should be com¬ 
menced and insisted on. By this general treat¬ 
ment we may not remove the bony tumor, (and 
that is unnecessary, as it seldom causes pain, 
when once established,) but we shall do all that 
can be done to aid nature in effecting all the cure 
that is possible. 
Shoeing Horses that Over-reach. 
“ Why not put the front shoes a little further 
forward, and the hind shoes a littlg further back¬ 
ward!” I’ ainly, because that will not increase 
the speed of the fore-feet and retard that of the 
hinder, which is just what you want to accom¬ 
plish. But to do this, make the toe-calks of the 
fore-feet very low, and set the shoe back as far 
as possible, with high-heel calks. Then, re¬ 
verse this method upon the hind feet. Thus, the 
fore-feet will be enabled to get out of the way of 
the hind-feet, and the clicking and loosening of 
shoes will cease. This will also help the speed 
of the horse. 
• -- -—► — - 
Why Daher did’nt keep the Horse- 
Lamartine tells the following story, which in¬ 
culcates an excellent moral: Daher was very 
anxious to possess a famous horse owned by a 
Bedouin of another tribe, named Naber, but fail¬ 
ing tc secure it by offering everything he could 
pa* with, he resorted to stratagem. Disguising 
himself as a lame beggar, he waited by the road¬ 
side where Naber was to pass. As Naber rode 
by on his beautiful steed, Daher cried out in a 
weak voice, “I am a poor stranger; for three 
days I have been unable to move from this spot 
to seek for food. I am dying, help me, and heaven 
will reward you.” 
The Bedouin kindly offered to take him up on 
his horse and carry him home, but the rogue re¬ 
plied, “ I can not rise, I have no strength left.” 
Naber, touched with pity, dismounted, led his 
horse to the spot, and with great difficulty set the 
I seoming beggar on his back. But no sooner did 
