AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, 
10© 
Calendar of Operations for June 1859 
[We note down sundry kinds of work to be done during 
the monili, not so much to afford instruction to practical 
men, as to call to mind the various operations to be at¬ 
tended to A glance over a table like this will often sug¬ 
gest some piece of work that might otherwise be forgotten 
or neglected. Our remarks are more especially adapted 
to the latitudes of 38° to 4d° ; but will be equally applica¬ 
ble to points further North and South by making due 
allowance for each degree of latitude, that is, earlier for 
the South, later for the North. 
Explanations .—f indicates the first; m the middle ; 
amt l the last of the month.—Doubling the letters thus:.#', 
or mm, or U, gives particular emphasis to the period indi¬ 
cated.—Two letters placed together, as fm or ml, signifies 
that the work may be done in either or in botli periods in¬ 
dicated ; thus, work marked fm.. indicates that, it is to be 
attended to from theirs/ to the middle of the month.1 
Farm. 
The husbandman has very little leisure, between putting 
in his late crops and commencing to till nis first plantings. 
Even now, the first day of June, before the buckwheat 
and turnip fields are sown, the corn and potatoes, carrots 
and cabbages, require going through with the plow and 
cultivator, followed by the hoe. Some of the late imple¬ 
ments designed to relieve hand-labor are well adapted 
to their work ; the horse hoe almost takes the place of the 
hand-hoe in the corn field. Whatever is used, see that 
the ground is well lightened up before the roots have ex¬ 
tended far, and early keep down weeds. 
If there are any vacant spots which were too wet to 
plant before, let them not lie idle. There is ample time 
to grow a soiling crop, if not to ripen corn, upon such land. 
Let no soil pioduce weeds only, to scatter their seeds for 
a future crop. The prospect now is, that everything the 
farmer can raise will be wanted, at home or abroad, and 
at higher rates than for some years past. 
Barley—Will si ill succeed if sown, ff. 
Beans—Plant, if, any not in, among corn or alone. 
Beets—Mangel-wurtzel and Sugar varieties succeed 
well when sown, ff, m. 
Buckwheat—Sow, 11, or oven first of July, that it may 
fill Us kernels in the cool weather of Autumn. 
Butter and Cheese—Read the prize articles as they ap¬ 
pear from month to month, and try to make such pro¬ 
ducts as will suffer no discount when thrown into market. 
Cabbages—Plow and hoe early ones, ff, m. Plant, m, 
l, among early potatoes and elsewhere for late use. Use 
tobacco dust, lime and ashes sprinkled over the plants to 
keep away insects. 
Carrots—Hoe and thin early. Much labor may be 
saved, and a better crop secured by taking the carrot, 
turnip and beet patch in hand before the weeds get a start. 
Thin out liberally. Pour to six inches apart in the row 
is near enough for carrots. 
Corn—Replant failures, ff. It is not too late for the 
King Philip or other early varieties to ripen now. Put in 
freely for soiling, especially if the pasture ground is small. 
Milkmen well know its value, and usually pi uit largely, 
in drills. It is well to make three plantings, one, f, one, 
m, and also at 1. 
Fences—Should be examined often. 
Grain Fields—If there is any foul stuff in them, select a 
“ seed patch,” and pull out every weed, ff. Rye and 
W r heat, even, will require cutting in some places, 11. 
Having—Will commence, m. 1., according to the for¬ 
wardness of the grass. Mowing machines are now so 
common that the farmer need not commence upon his 
crop before the grass is ready to cut, nor will he need to 
cut it down while wet with dew or rain. 
Ilny-caps— See articie elsewhere. 
Hoeing will, on many farms, constitute a prominent 
portion of the work for June. Clean tillage now will 
make easy work in July. 
Manujes should be made at every season of the year. 
Keep tin. cattle and hog yards well covered with muck; 
scrape up cattio droppings each morning, and throw them 
in heaps under cover. 
Millet—“Hungarian grass,” or other kinds, may still 
be sown, ff, m, for soiling, or ripening even. 
Potatoes—Keep free from weeds, but do not use the 
plow among them after they commence blooming. 
Poultry require little attention if running at large, 
save feeding a little grain and collecting eggs. Where it 
is necessary to confine them in buildings or yards, It is al¬ 
ways w ell to let them out for a short time about sundown. 
Keep roosts dusted with plaster, charcoal or muck, 
and barreling the contents frequently, for guano. 
Pumpkins w ill still be in season if planted ff, either 
among corn or potatoes, or in patches by themselves. 
Sheep—Shear, ff, if not done. Guard against dogs. 
Sorghum—Drill in a quantity, f, m, for soiling purposes. 
Stock—Raise the best calves, lambs and pigs to breed 
from. Provide improved breeds of cattle and horses to 
cross w ilh your own stock. 
Swirie—Where there is an orchard or small pasture ac- 
'vjssible, hogs may properly have the range of it, but by all 
means, keep them from the highways and dooryards. If 
shut up, give them weeds, turf, and other green stuff, daily, 
keeping their pens and yards supplied with absorbents. 
Tanners’ Bark—Peel from hemlock and oak, in, 11, 
slanding it up carefully to dry. 
Tools for hay and grain cutting, should all be procured 
and put in working order, ff. m. With a large quantity 
of hay and grain to cut, a mowing machine w ill, doubt¬ 
less, pay, besides securing it in better order. 
Turnips—Sow 11, or in next month. Read articles. 
Weeds—Keep them down w>hile small, if you would 
save heavy labor afterwards, and secure good crops. 
Orchard and Nursery. 
If the work of last month was properly attended to, 
there is not much to do now except to keep down weeds 
and stir the ground, both in the orchard and nursery'. 
Budding- May be performed, 11, at the South. Remove 
suckers from trees budded last season, and keep the grow¬ 
ing buds w ell tied up. 
Caterpillars—Destroy, ff, any remaining until now. 
Evergreens—These may still be safely transplanted, ff; 
do not let the roots be exposed to the sun while out of the 
ground. Water and mulch trees planted last month, if 
the weather prove dry. 
Fruit—Jar the trees gently, and pick up all punctured 
fruit which falls. Thin out, 11, where it has set too thickly. 
Grafts—Examine and loosen any bandages cutting into 
newly grafted trees. Replace cement or grafting wax 
where it has pealed off. Rub off suckers. 
Hoeing—Will be the heavy work of the nursery during 
this month. The plow, horse-hoe, or cultivator, will 
gteat.ly facilitate the operation. Hoe about orchard trees, 
to keep down weeds and grass. 
Inarching—May be begun, m. 11. 
Insects—Wage incessant war against the whole tribe of 
fruit insects—caterpillars, curculios, apple moths, borers, 
pear and cherry slugs, bark scale, etc. All need atten¬ 
tion. Read article on page 181, and in addition to the 
means there noted, hang open-mouthed bottles, half full 
of sweetened water, in the branches of trees, to entice 
and drown the parent millers of apple, pear, cherry and 
other worms. See, also, the curculio remedy on page 146 
of last Agriculturist. 
Layer,11, new growth of deciduous and evergreen trees. 
Manure—Apply a good coating about the roots of bear¬ 
ing trees, to assist them in perfecting a crop. Spread it 
about at some distance from the trunks. 
Mulch ff, newly planted trees, especially if it be dry. 
Plum Trees—Read directions elsewhere for destroying 
black wart. Give curculios no peace, and crops of plums 
may still be secured. 
Pruning—May be commenced, 11. Especially is the 
latter part of June a good time to do what little pruning 
evergreen trees require. Cut or pinch back shoots of 
bearing fruit to induce fruit buds. 
Scale—The eggs have now hatched out, and the young 
“ bark lice ’’can easily be destroyed with soap or potash 
and water, applied with a scrub brush, or rags tied to a 
stick. They can even be washed off with water only. It 
is better, however, to add some wood ashes or other alkali. 
Seedlings—Especially evergreen, may now require wa¬ 
ter and shade. 
Stocks—Some of the penr and plum stocks which have 
made an early growth will be ready for budding, 11. 
Water evergreen and other newly planted trees, if the 
ground is very dry. Apply it at night, first mulching 
around them. 
Weeds—Keep down both in nursery and orchard. 
Mifclecsa Froit hardens. 
The early crops are now in, and growing rapidly. A 
lar 0 e portion of the gardener’s labors will be needed to 
keep them free from weeds, and to stir the soil about 
the plants. The surface of the ground should not be al¬ 
lowed to crust and shut out the air and dews. Frequent 
hoeings are beneficial in other respects than merely 
keeping down weeds. 
There is some planting still to be done, most of which 
should be attended to ff, m. 
If the garden has been provided with an asparagus bed, 
and there is a good row of rhubarb roots along the border, 
there should now be a plentiful supply of each. Straw¬ 
berries are nearly ready to ripen. The early “ greens ” 
are also abundant, and with currants for sauce or pies, 
and cherries for dessert, the farm gardener may greatly 
diminish the salt junk diet of Winter and early Spring. 
Asparagus—Keep beds well stirred and free from weeds. 
Cutting should be omitted after the first week, or at latest 
by the middle of June, as it started early this season. 
Too late cropping injures the bed. 
Beans—Early Kidneys, and Limas even, may still be 
planted f, m. See that runners are poled. 
Beets—Sow the remaining Summer crop, ff, and m, 1, 
for Autumn and Winter use. Hoc, weed and thin early 
beds, using the young plants for “ greens,” for which they 
are excellent, “roots and all.” 
Blackberries and Raspberries—Should have been staked 
or tied to trellises last month. See to any neglected, ff. 
Borecole, Brussels, Sprouts, Broccoli, Kale, &c.— riant 
out for late crops, f, m. 
Cabbage and Cauliflower—Sow seed, ff, for late plant¬ 
ing. Set out, f, m, for Autumn, and 11, for Winter use. 
Hoe often, and destroy cut worms, replacing plants eaten 
off by them. 
Carrots—May still be sown. ff. Early sowing is pre¬ 
ferable, however. Hoe, weed and thin-while they are 
small and work out easily, else heavy work is before you. 
It is better to select clean ground for sowing this crop. 
Celery—Set plants for a generis! crop in trenches, m, 1, 
watering and shading for a few days. 
Corn—To keep up a good succession, plant sweet varie¬ 
ties, f, m, 1, at intervals of ten or twelve days. The last 
plantings may be after early peas, or between rows of po¬ 
tatoes nearly ready to dig. 
Cress—Sow, f, m, 1, for a constant supply. 
Cucumbers, Melons and Squashes—These mav be plant¬ 
ed, ff, with fair prospects for a crop. Cucumbers for 
pickles should be put in m, 1. Dust vines with flour and 
pepper, or other offensive substance, to repel bugs. 
Herbs—Many of these are now coming into flower. Cut 
and dry them in the shade when in full bloom. 
Hoeing—Is the work for June, and needs following up 
closely. Besides keeping down weeds, it is almost rain 
and manure for the growing plants. Commence on every 
crop in season. If rows of young vegetables are left till 
they can scarcely be seen among the weeds, the labor 
of cleaning them out will be very great, and the plants 
themselves will be injured by disturbing the roots in eradi¬ 
cating weeds. 
Egg Plants—Set out, ff, for full crop, and, m, for late. 
Fruit—Collect any now ripening, and thin overbearing 
trees or bushes. 
Gooseberries—Keep well hoed, or better, mulch with 
salt hay, tan bark or sawdust, which will prevent weeds 
from growing, and keep the ground moist, thus rendering 
the berries less liable to mildew. 
Grapes—The vines are now pushing ahead rapidly, and 
require heading back and thinning out. Rub off un¬ 
necessary shoots and pinch back bearing branches to six 
or eight inches from the bunches. Hand-pick insects, 
and entrap in bottles the millers about depositing eggs 
upon the vine. Bonfires or torches about the garden or 
vineyard, as described elsewhere, will be of much ser¬ 
vice in destroying them in localities where they abound. 
Insects begin to be troublesome at this season. De¬ 
stroy the slugs on pear and cherry trees with whale-oil 
soap dissolved in water, and thrown upon the trees with 
a syringe having a sprinkler at the end. Dusting with 
wood ashes or air-slacked lime, will also destroy them. 
Apply when the leaves are wet with dew. 
Lettuce—Sow and plant out at intervals of a week, dur¬ 
ing the month, to keep up a constant supply. 
Onions—Hoe, weed and thin,ff, m. 
Parsneps and Salsafy—Hoe and thin, ff, m. Avoid leav¬ 
ing them too thick in the row. 
Peas, sown at this season, usually escape the weevil, 
so that ff, is a good time to nut in the main crop. Sow m, 
1, in the garden, for late use. Keep well hoed and bushed 
orsupported with stakes and twine. Hilling a little is an 
advantage, unless they were covered two or three inches. 
The first sowings will furnish peas for the table, m, 1, 
Potatoes—Hoe and weed thoroughly. Plant late cab¬ 
bages among early potatoes, to occupy the ground alter 
they are dug. 
Radishes—Sow as lettuce, among and between other 
vegetables, ff, in. 
Rhubarb—Is now yielding a full supply. By pinching 
off the seed stalks as they appear, the leaves may be 
pulled during the entire month. The Linnaeus variety 
we have used until the month of September. 
Spinach—Clean oft'the early crops for a second sowing, 
or for late vegetables. Fresh sowings may be made f, m, 
1, to keep up a family supply. 
Strawberries—Clean beds, and mulch with straw, 
sawdust, or tan-bark, ff. They will soon be in full bearing. 
Thinning cut both vegetables and fruit should be at¬ 
tended to early. Plants are usually left too crowded. 
Tomatoes—Set them out, f, m, for late use. Keep well 
hoed, and bushed or staked. 
Transplanting—Perforin ff, m, selecting cloudy or wet 
weather, or water and shade after the operation. Re¬ 
move with the plants as much unbroken earth, and undis 
turbed root fibres as possible. 
Turnips—Sow early varieties, ff, m. for Summer use. 
Ruta-bagas for Winter should only be sown 11, or next 
month. 
Water strawberry beds, ff, if the weather continues dry 
Newly planted trees, and plants recently set out may also 
require water. 
Weeds—Pull, hoe and root out with plow and cultiva 
tor. Give them no room in the vegetable garden—not 
one of them. 
Winter Cherry {Physalii ]—Transplant from seed bed, 
