824 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
Novembe- 
several noblemen and others, at their country places, ken¬ 
nels of hounds, terriers, spaniels, setters, pointers, as well 
as other domestic fancy animals, to whose breeding par¬ 
ticular attention has been paid. Many of these are known 
as the Duke of so-and-so’s breed, or the Earl of that-and- 
so, or Lord thus-and-so. Buccleugh, a Scottish Duke, 
has hounds. Earl Derby, whose own blood traces back 
to the Saxons before the conquest, and his titles to a pe¬ 
riod soon after, glories in the superiority of a gallant breed 
of game cocks. Lord Bootley, boasts and glories after 
his daily dinner over the beauties of his dovecote, in 
which every bird has its perfect complement of parti-col¬ 
ored feathers in the right place; while Sir Launcelot 
Hare wood, is quite satisfied that he has now bred his 
long eared rabbits to a degree of perfection in all their 
furry qualities, hitherto unattained by mortal man! 
Even that dirtiest profligate, 
that ever disgraced the Brit¬ 
ish throne, the third Stuart, 
and second Charles, could 
not take his morning walk in 
a London park without a 
dozen diminutive Spaniel 
dogs at his heels, which 
down to this day are known 
by no other name than 
“ King Charles’.” All these 
varieties of creatures have 
been brought to their distinct¬ 
ness and uniformity of char¬ 
acter and looks, by persistent 
in-and-in breeding. That is 
their history for untold gen¬ 
erations back. 
We know a fine flock of 
domestic pigeons, descended 
from two pairs, now living 
on an island secluded from 
all other pigeons, where they 
have lived and flourished 
for years, bred in-and-in continually, and as perfect in 
form and spirit as can be. We knew a flock of beautiful 
China geeso on the grounds of a friend, which are descend¬ 
ed from a single pair imported from China direct to this 
country, many years ago, bred in-and-in closely ever 
since, and not a single cross from any others, now as 
prolific almost as ducks, and still beautiful and vigorous 
as ever. To go back to pigeons, it is well known that the 
female lays but two eggs for a setting, and that these 
eggs invariably produce a male and female, which usu- 
cattle. To illustrate more fully some instances of their 
close breeding, I find in the 1st Vol. American Short 
Horn Herd Book, a diagram of the breeding of the bulls 
Favorite and Comet, the cuts of which I have been ena¬ 
bled to loan from that work, and which I present below. 
Thus it is seen that arriving at the Bull Foljambe, No. 
5, he is coupled with the Cow Lady Maynard, No. 10, and 
they produce the Cow Pliranix, No. 11. On the other 
sido Foljambe is coupled with the Cow Young Strawber¬ 
ry, No. 6, and they produce the ■•Bull Bolingbroke, No. 9, 
a half brother, as well as nephew, to Phcenix, No. 11, 
both being got by Foljambe, and Bolingbroke a grandson 
also to Lady Maynard, No. 10 and 8. Then these two 
last named (Bolingbroke and Phcenix, closer than half- 
brother and sister) are coupled, and produce the Bull Fa¬ 
vorite, No. 13. Then this same bull favorite is coupled 
EXPLANATION. 
1 Bull Hubback. 
2 Dam of CowHaughton. 
S Richard Barker’s Bull. 
4 Cow Haughton. 
5 Bull Foljambe. 
6 Cow Young Strawberry. 
7 Bull Dalton Duke. 
8 and 10 Cow Lady Maynard. 
9 Bull Bolingbroke. 
11 Cow Phcenix. 
12 Cow Young Phosnix. 
13 Bull Favorite. 
14 Bull Comet 
ally pair of themselves when at 
their young In turn. Who 
ever knew of an imbecile, or 
idiotic pigeon, however bred? 
So, too, with canary-birds, 
which are bred by thousands 
among our German popula¬ 
tion in the cities—not in the 
number and sexes of their 
eggs and young, but in their 
interbreeding. The thing, in¬ 
deed, is so common with all 
small creatures as to cause 
no remark, or even excite a 
question as to the entire pro¬ 
priety of such close breeding. 
These instances show that 
nature breeds in-and-in 
without selection, by the tri¬ 
umph of the strong over the 
weak. It may be replied that 
these small or inferior ani¬ 
mals are of a ruder organiza¬ 
tion than the nobler classes of 
farm stock ; that they have 
less intellect, and are not so 
easily affected by consan¬ 
guinity of blood. We can 
maturity, and produce 
with his own dam, and produces the Cow Young Phce¬ 
nix. No. 12. Again is Favorite, No. 13, connected with 
his own female progeny, (out of his own dam), this 
cow, Young Phoenix, No. 12, and their produce is Comet, 
No. 14, the most magnificent bull in all England, which 
Ch. Colling sold at his great sale for 1000 Guineas= $5,000! 
It is needless to say that everyone of the animals in 
this genealogy were of the highest repute for blood, and 
quality. The diagram, No. 2, will show still further 
and more pertinacious, but equally successful breeding 
by Robert Colling on his in-and-in system. 
Bull Hubback. 
Son of Hubback. 
Cow of Son of Hubback. 
Bull Favorite. 
1st Cow by Favorite. 
2nd ditto. 
3d ditto. 
4th ditto, 
only answer, that all brutes under the dominion of man 
are destitute alike of those finer faculties only known to 
humanity, and in that regard are upon a level. Promiscu¬ 
ous, unhesitating, sexual intercourse, when in passion, is 
their wont, and they can only be prevented from its in¬ 
dulgence by absolute force. Hence, it is their natural 
disposition, and the only mode to govern the character of 
their offspring, is to properly select and couple them in 
their connection. The physical power and habit prevails 
over every other in their conception, growth of foetus, and 
progress after birth, unless in extraordinary cases of 
fright, association with strange objects, or accident occur¬ 
ring to the female parent, either at the moment of concep¬ 
tion or during pregnancy, and this altogether irrespective 
of what blood relation she may hold to the siro of her young. 
In a former paper I spoke of the in-and-in system of 
breeding of the Colling brothers with their Short Horn 
4 Favorite again, erandsirc of 
Wellington, the Sire of 
Clarissa. No. 11 Favor¬ 
ite’s own 6th grand daugh¬ 
ter on the other side. 
IS Cow Phoenix. 
17 Bull Bolingbroke. 
IS Grand-daughter of Hubback. 
EXPLANATION. 
9 5th ditto. 
10 6th ditto. 
11 Cow Clarissa. 
12 Bull Wellington, Site of 
Clarissa. 
13 Bull Comet. 
14 Cow Wildair. 
15 Cow Young Phcenix. 
In this diagram it appears that the bull Favorite, No. 4, 
(on the right hand) was coupled with the cow No. 3, by 
son of Hubback, No. 2. (somewhat related to Favorite, 
through his progenitor, Hubback.) Their (Favorite and 
cow by son of Hubback) produce was the 1st cow by Fa¬ 
vorite, No. 5. Favorite was put to this cow No. 5, (his 
own daughter) and produced No. 6, (his grand-daughter 
by his offspring) and so on in continuous succession for 
six generations, arriving at No. 10. Then this cow, No. 
10, is met on the other side with the bull Wellington, No. 
12, deeply interbred on the side of both sire and dam in 
the blood of Favorite, as will be seen in the diagram, and 
the cow Clarissa is produced—a capital beast in quality, 
and one of whose daughters, Restless, became afterwards 
a breeding cow in Sir Charles Knightly’s herd, one of the 
best in England. In all these cases—deeply interbred 
from the start-a continuous success in the quality of tho 
animals was the result, by men who knew what kind <y- 
animals to select for their purposes, and having selected, 
knew how to use them. It may be thought by my read¬ 
ers that the subject is exhausted. If so, this paper will 
end it. I leave them to judge whether the position which 
I first assumed, to wit: in-and-in breeding with the right 
kind of animals is not prejudicial; but on the contrary, 
properly understood and practiced, improvement will be the 
result. Further, I do not hesitate so say, that unskillful - 
ly applied, in-and-in breeding is the very worst practice a 
stock breeder can adopt. 
Bedding for Cattle. 
The importance of this is conceded for the 
horse, and most humane owners provide straw 
or refuse hay to put the nag at his ease when lie 
lies down in his stable. It is quite as important 
for all the ruminant animals that we have domes¬ 
ticated. Instinct prompts them to seek the dry- 
est, warmest spot in the pasture for their repose, 
and Nature spreads for them the soft green turf, 
quite as much for their rest, as for their susten¬ 
ance. The wise farmer will profit by Nature’s 
hint, and when he stables his cattle for the Win¬ 
ter, will provide dry warm beds. 
Bedding favors the accumulation of fat and 
muscle, by helping to retain the animal heat, and 
promoting quiet and comfort. It also promotes 
the secretion of milk in cows, for the same rea¬ 
sons. Any one can satisfy himself on this point, 
by experimenting with a cow a week in a well 
bedded stable, and a second week upon the bare 
ground in the barn yard. Cows in milk are kept 
much cleaner with a good bed, and this is an 
item of prime importance, with all who love clean 
milk. Quite a variety of substances are used 
for bedding. Straw and hay are the most com¬ 
mon, as they are the most convenient, especi¬ 
ally to farmers who raise grain largely, or 
who have a good deal of swamp land, yielding 
poor hay. 
In cities and villages, they are often too costly, 
and this has led to various substitutes, some of 
them quite as good as straw, and having this ad¬ 
vantage, that they add very much to the manure 
heap. Dry saw-dust, from saw and shingle mills, 
and the fine chips and shavings from planing mills, 
all make good bedding. Spent tan bark, when 
dried in the sun, also serves the same purpose, 
and makes a much more valuable manure. Eel- 
grass is also much used for this purpose, by the sea 
shore farmers, and answers well. Leaves from 
the forest, especially those of hard wood trees, 
make a still better bed, and form one of tho best 
composts for the garden or field. 
Dried turf from a salt marsh is, on the whole, 
the best bedding we have ever used in our sta¬ 
ble. It is cut in Summer, in blocks of about a 
cubic foot each, dried in the sun a few weeks, 
and then stored under cover for use. It is very 
light, spongy, and absorbs urine better than any 
thing we have ever tried. A layer of it under a 
horse will last about two weeks before it is sat¬ 
urated. It is then thrown into the barn cellar, to 
undergo fermentation. 
One great advantage of this, and of the saw¬ 
dust and tan-bark is, that they put the animal 
heat of the stock to an economic use. It pro¬ 
motes the decomposition of the vegetable matter, 
and swells the manure heap very rapidly. 
Any one, or all of these materials are exceed¬ 
ingly valuable in the stable, and the stock owner 
should use them as largely as possible, for the 
purpose of increasing his stock of fertilizers. 
Chinch Bug.— The Ogle County (III.) Reporter 
says that a farmer checked the ravages of the 
Chinch-bug by strewing a breadth or line across 
his corn field with air-slaked lime. 
