T 35 
Spore Formation in Torre.ya californica. 
some years I have noticed that the ovules are more abundant on 
the side facing the north, also a sprinkling of male that side as 
well; but the male is certainly more abundant (four times as many) 
on the south side. There are less (about half as many) ovules on 
the south side.” 
The male cones appear as minute buds in the axils of the leaves 
on the part of the shoot belonging to the current year, but they 
may remain dormant for a long time. For instance on one branch 
gathered this summer no cones had been developed on the parts of 
the axis corresponding to the years 1904, 1903 and 1902, while a 
considerable crop of cones occured on the 1901 wood. On another 
branch ripe cones were found on the 1903 and 1902 wood. At the 
base of the cone there are a variable number of pairs of decussating 
bracts. These get more scarious and filmy as we pass up the axis, 
and one or more of the uppermost pairs have fimbriated margins. 
During the winter which precedes their ripening season the young 
cones are completely ensheathed in their bracts, and it is not till 
the following spring that the bracts separate at the tip and disclose 
the sporophylls (Figs. 1,2, 3). A young sporophyll is shewn in 
longitudinal and transverse section in Figs. 7a and 7b. A very 
large resin duct runs throughout its length. Four pollen-sacs 
normally occur on the under side of each sporophyll, but at the 
apex of the cone there is always some irregularity as to this point, 
and occasionally an anomalous sporophyll occurs elsewhere. An 
arrangement which seems not unusual is the termination of the axis 
in a radially symmetrical sporophyll hearing four pollen-sacs in a 
peltate fashion. Next below this are placed four sporophylls, each 
generally bearing only three sacs. In eight nearly ripe cones 
taken at random, two shewed this arrangement, while in one the 
terminal sporophyll bore six and in another seven sacs. Four 
had no terminal sporphyll at all; in two of these the tip was 
surrounded by four sporophylls each with three sacs, and in two 
others only one such sporophyll was present, but the remaining 
members of the whorl had apparently fused and produced a large 
sporophyll, in one case bearing six, and in the other seven sacs 
(Figs. 6a—h). The appearance of a nearly ripe cone whose pollen- 
sacs have not yet dehisced, and the form of its individual 
sporophylls, are indicated in Figs. 4a, b, c. When the time of 
pollination is approaching the axis elongates, especially between 
the uppermost bracts and the lowest sporophylls. In this way the 
fertile part of the cone is raised out of the bract cup. The four 
