Vascular Structure of Cycads. 249 
■“ accidentally inserted ” on the latter ; the “ perinucellary ” bundles 
are admitted to be integumental and are compared with the inner 
integumental system in the seed Lagenostoma. Reference is also 
made to Miss Stopes’ work in this directon on Cycads. In order 
to account for the fact of the bundles in the cupule or outer 
envelope in Cycads being orientated with inwardly-directed xylem, 
involving, as the author concludes, the situation of the sporangium 
on the upper surface of this envelope, he suggests that, starting 
out from the primitive Filicineae in which the sporangia were 
probably situated at the termination of the veins, i.e. on the margin 
of the leaf, two new types have become differentiated, viz. the 
one in which the sporangia became, as in modern Ferns and 
Coniferae, displaced on to the lower, and the other, in which they 
were relegated to the upper surface, as in Cycads. 
In the pith of the peduncle of Eucephalartos villosus the author 
discovered an intrafascicular reduced ring of bundles such as we 
ourselves found and described in the cone-axis of Ceratozamia 
latifolia; he agrees with us in believing that this ring of strands 
corresponds to that occurring in a similar position in the stem of 
Medullosa Soliusii, M. porosa, and M. stellata. 
Section 3 is occupied with the study of seedlings and their 
anatomy. From certain rather abstruse facts connected with the 
mode of union of the cotyledonary strands with the poles of the 
xylem-plate of the root in Dioon and Cycas, as well as from one or 
two other phenomena, the author agrees with several writers in 
regarding the root as an independent new organ, inserted on the 
base of, and growing in the same straight line with, the hypocotyl, 
and not as a mere prolongation of the latter. 
As regards the so-called “abnormal” strands possessing 
inverted, as well as normal, orientation of their parts, thus consti¬ 
tuting concentric steles situated outside the central cylinder, which 
Gregg (true type of the old-fashioned and, we hope, departing 
anatomist) described, without ever attempting to explain, in the root 
■of Cycas Seemanni ; which we ourselves observed in the hypocotyl 
of several Cycads; and which our author mentions as occurring in 
Cycas siamensis; these strands, we say, are admirably treated of 
and receive at last that due recognition of their merits as part of 
the normal structure, inherited, out of the dim past, from a tissue 
which was probably none other than the second “ Schlangenring ” 
or the zone of concentric bundles or steles in the stem of such a 
plant as Medullosa Solmsii or M, stellata. 
