18 
James Small. 
Arctotidece. Except for the small genera Gundelia in the 
Mediterranean region and Cymbonotus in Australia, the Arcto- 
tideae are South African with a very slight extension into tropical 
Africa. It is interesting to note that this northern extension 
occurs chiefly in Ursinia, and to a lesser degree in Arctotis and 
Berk hey a. 
Anthemidece. The distribution of this tribe is peculiar. There 
is a distinct centre of concentration for both sub-tribes in the 
Mediterranean region, but the Chrysanthemidinae shows a sub¬ 
sidiary concentration in South Africa, with more genera but fewer 
species than in the Mediterranean concentration. This is a case 
where the diversity of conditions gives a low generic co-efficient 
apart from the differentiation at the centre of origin. 
The map (PI. II, Fig. 32) illustrates the point; there are quite a 
number of small genera endemic in South Africa, but the areas of 
most of the widespread genera of both sub-tribes overlap in the 
Mediterranean region. The primary importance of this geograph¬ 
ical centre is clearly shown when maps are made of the species in 
the larger genera. These practically all show a marked Mediter¬ 
ranean centre for local species and for overlapping of the areas of the 
widespread species, notably so in Achillea , Chrysanthemum and 
Artemisia. The paths of migration are the same in these and most 
other genera of the Anthemideae as in Senecio. 
Imdece. A number of genera in this tribe have been examined 
by the map method, but on account of the limitations of space, only 
Gnaphalinm is given in the map (Fig. 33), while the centres of 
concentration for the sub-tribes are indicated. It has been suggested 
(Fig. 7) that the Gnaphaliinae are the primitive sub-tribe, and 
the Helichryseae the primitive section. When examined 
geographically there is little doubt that Gnaphalinm is the 
primitive genus, so that the relative positions of the two sections 
of the Gnaphaliinae should be reversed. This will be discussed 
later. 
A map of all the genera of the Inuleae shows that a marked 
proportion of the widespread genera belong to the Eu-gnaphalieae. 
The map of the species of Gnaphalinm shows centres of con¬ 
centration and paths of migration corresponding closely to those 
of Senecio. It is of interest also that several species of Gnaphalinm 
are more widely distributed than any one species of Seuecio. This 
is probably due to a more stable constitution, corresponding to the 
more advanced evolutionary position of the genus. These matters 
