Origin and Development of the Compositee. 139 
Table XIII (continued) 
Species. 
References. 
Dates and Localities. 
Remarks. 
Carpolithus hyoseriti/ormis 
Berry 
Berry, 3 
Lower Eocene, 40 
Fruit 8 mm. long, with 
about 10 simple awns 
or bristles ; among 
“ Incertae Sedis.” 
Cypsdites, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Saporta, 31, 32 
Zeiller, 37 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Lower Oligocene, 38 
Fruits of Compositae 
C. angustatus, Herr. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Achene 8 mm. long, 
pappus 16 mm., sparse 
and setose, resembling 
Crepis fruits. Ettings- 
hausen says this is like 
fruit of Echitonium. 
C. aquensis, Sap. 
Saporta, 32b 
Lower Oligocene, 38 
Achene 6 5 mm. long, 
pappus of scabrid setae, 
longer than achene, 
very rare. 
C. bisulcatus, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Zittel, 38 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Achene 6mm. long, 
pappus stipitate,duplex, 
of slightly waved setae, 
13 mm. long 
C. brachypus, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Achene 8mm. long, pap¬ 
pus stipitate, beak short, 
setose, 19 mm. long. 
C. cincinnatus, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Achene 8mm, long, pap¬ 
pus 20 mm. long, of 
numerous wavy setae, 
connate at the base. 
C. costatus, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Zittel, 38 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Achene 9mm. long,pap¬ 
pus 18mm. long, of setae 
connate at the base. 
Greatly resembles Arcti- 
um lanuginosum of central 
Europe (Heer, 9) 
C. deletus, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Pappus twice length 
of the achene. Prob¬ 
ably Cynareae (Heer, 9) 
C. dubius (Al. Br.) Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Upper Miocene, 32 
=Achanites dubius, Al. 
Br., achene 7mm. long, 
pappus slightly longer. 
C. ellipticus, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Zittel, 38 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Achene 7mm. long, pap¬ 
pus shortly stipitate, of 
very long slightly curv¬ 
ed setae. Compared with 
Sonchus by Heer, 9. 
C. donga tits, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Achene 17 mm. long, 
shortly beaked. 
C. Fischeri, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper. 33 
Zittel, 38 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Achene 6mm. long, pap¬ 
pus 18 mm. long, of 
slightly wavy setae. 
Perhaps a species of 
Arctium, Heer, 9 
C. fractus, Sap. 
Saporta, 32b 
Lower Oligocene, 38 
Pappus of very fine 
setae, shorter than the 
achene, very rare. 
C. grandis, Heer. 
Heer, 11 
Schimper, 33 
Zittel, 38 
Upper Miocene, 32 
Achene 11 mm. & pap¬ 
pus 21mm, long, short¬ 
ly stipitate, setose. 
C. gypsorum, Sap. 
Saporta,31 b, k 
Schimper, 33 
Ward, 36 
, Zittel, 38 
Lower Oligocene, 38 
Achene small & ribbed, 
pappus duplex, inner 
setae numerous, outer 
5-7 with dilated bases. 
