Origin and Development of the Compositce. 141 
Table XIII (continued) 
Species. 
References 
Dates and Localities 
Remarks 
//. stellatus, Sap. 
Saporta, 32b 
Zittel, 38 
Lower Oligocene, 38 
Avignon, in calcareous 
marl, very rare. Sub- 
biseriate involucre and 
small receptacle, com¬ 
pared to Inula Pulicaria 
and referred tentative¬ 
ly to that genus by 
Saporta 
II. nudatus, Sap. 
Saporta, 32b 
Zittei, 38 
Lower Oligocene, 38 
Receptacle after flower¬ 
ing, with involucral 
bracts missing & achen- 
es or florets densely 
packed, Saporta,cp. text 
H. Salyorum, Sap. 
Saporta, 31b 
Schimper, 33 
Zittel, 38 
Lower Oligocene, 38 
Leaves in marly schist 
above gypsum beds ; 
compared by Saporta 
with Taraxacum obovatum . 
Hyoserites, Ettings. 
Ettingshausen, 
7 
Schimper, 33 
Upper Miocene 
In plastic clay, achenes 
like those of the “ Hy- 
oseridees ” 
H. Lingua, Ettings. 
Ettingshausen, 
8 
Upper Miocene, 35 
Achenes lanceolate 
acuminate very shortly 
beaked, pappus absent, 
leaves also present 
H. Schultzii, Ettings. 
7 
Schimper, 33 
Zittel, 38 
Upper Miocene, 34 
Achenes, pappus short, 
coroniform and pale¬ 
aceous 
Lychnophorites, Martius 
Bentham, 2 
Since referred to a 
Monocotyledon of the 
Vellozia type 
Parthenites priscus, Sap. 
Saporta, 31b 
Schimper, 33 
Ward, 36 
Zittel, 38 
Lower Oligocene, 38 
Leaves compared by 
Saporta to Chrysanthe¬ 
mum Parthenium and C. 
Hysteropliorus 
Silpliidium, Mass. 
Massalongo, 13 
Bentham, 2 
Meschinelli, 14 
Schimper, 33 
Zeiller, 37 
Zittel, 38 
Middle Oligocene, 36 
Leaves, like Silphium 
laciniatum (Massalongo); 
“it is probable that the 
four species are really 
onlyone” (Schimper) ; 
“ a wild guess without a 
particle of evidence in 
support of it ’’(Bentham) 
S. gracile, Mass. 
Massalongo, 13 
Meschinelli, 14 
Schimper. 33 
Middle Oligocene, 36 
S. hcteromallum . Mass. 
Massalongo, 13 
Meschinelli, 14 
Schimper, 33 
Middle Oligocene, 36 
S. Proserpina, Mass. 
Massalongo, 13 
Meschinelli, 14 
Schimper, 33 
Middle Oligocene, 36 
Also a variety, sub- 
denticulatum 
S. Visianicum, Mass. 
Massalongo, 13 
Meschineili, 14 
Schimper, 33 
Middle Oligocene, 36 
Compared to Silphium 
gummiferum of N. Amer¬ 
ica by Massalongo; also 
a variety ,ol denticulatum 
the Andes had begun to appear in late Cretaceous times, the height 
being increased by the Miocene uplift all around the Pacific. 
In the previous chapter it was shown that the origin of the 
Composite was most probably due to the ecological conditions 
