170 
James Small. 
be easily and adequately explained by assuming that the pappus is 
in part, at least, a development of the hairs which were inserted on 
the now aborted free calyx segments, the evidence in favour of the 
trichome or emergence nature of the organ admits of no other 
conclusion regarding the origin and essential homologies of the 
pappus. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY XII. 
Section A. Fossil Composite.. 
1. Antonelli, M. Contributo alia flora foss. del suolo di Roma. Rome, 1889. 
2. Bentham, G. See Bib. I, 7. 
3. Berry, E. VV. The lower Eocene floras of south eastern North America. 
U.S. Geol. Survey. Professional paper, 91, Washing¬ 
ton, 1916. 
4. Boulay, M. l’abbe, Notice sur la flore tertaire des environs de Privas 
(Ardeche). Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Tome XXXIV, p - 
265, 1887. 
5. ,, ,, P'lore fossile de Gergovie (Puy-de-D6me). Ann. Soc. 
sci., Bruxelles, Vol. XXIII, 1899. 
6 . Chamberlin, T. C. and Salisbury, R. D. Geology, Vol. Ill, pp. 130-133, 
New York, 1906. 
7. Ettingshausen, C. von. Die fossile Flora des Tertiar-Beckens von Bilin. 
Pt. 2, p. 18, 1868. 
8 . ,, ,, Die fossile Flora von Sagor in Krain. Denkschr. 
der math.-nat. Classe der K. Akad. d. wiss. Wien, Bd. 
XXXVII, Th. II, p. 2, Vienna, 1877. 
8 a. Fliche, M. Note sur les flores tertaires des environs de Mulhouse. 
Bull, de la Soc. Industrielle de Mulhouse, 1886, p. 357. 
9. Heer, O. Die Urwelt der Schweiz. Zurich, 1883. 
10 . „ ,, The Primaeval World of Switzerland (Eng. trans. of above). 
London, 1876. 
11. „ ,, Flora tertiaria Helvetia. Winterthur, 1855-59. 
12. Massalongo, D. A. Plant, foss. nov. in format, tert. regni veneti super 
inventse, p. 15. Verona, 1853. 
13. ,, ,, Monogr. del genere Silphidium. Mem. Soc. Ital. delie 
Scienze. Ser. 2, Tome I, p. 18, Modena, 1858. 
14. Meschinelli, A., et Squinabol, X. Flora tertiaria italica, p. 510. Padone, 
1893. 
15. Murchison, R. I. On the Earlier Volcanic Rocks of the Papal States and 
the adjacent parts of Italy. Q. J. Geol. Soc., Vol. VI, 
p. 300, 1850. 
16. Reid, C. Pliocene Deposits of Britain. General Memoirs of Geol. Surv. 
of U.K., p. 231,1890. 
17. ,, Pleistocene Deposits of the Sussex Coast. Q. J. Geol. Soc., 
Vol. XLVIII, p. 344, 1892. 
18. ,, On Scottish Interglacial Deposits. Geolog. Mag., Decade IV, 
Vol. II, No. 371, p. 217, 1895. 
19. ,, and others. The relation of Palaeolithic Man to the Glacial Epoch, 
Rep. Brit. Assoc., Liverpool, p. 400, 1896. 
20. ,, Palaeolithic Deposits of Hitchin. Proc. Roy. Soc., Vol. LXI, 
p. 40,1897. 
21. ,, Pleistocene Plants from Casewick, Schacklewell and Grays. 
Q. J. Geol. Soc., Vol. LIII, p. 463, 1897. 
