THE 
New Phytologist 
Vol. XVIII, Nos. 9 & 10 . Nov. & Dec., 1919 . 
[Published March 20th, 1920.] 
FESTUCA RUBRA NEAR CARDIFF; 
A TAXONOMIC, MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDY OF 
THREE SUB-VARIETIES OF FESTUCA RUBRA L. SUBSP. EU-RUBRA 
HACK., VAR. GENUINA HACK., GROWING NEAR CARDIFF, 
S. WALES. 
By W. O. Howarth, M.Sc. 
[With Fourteen Figures in the Text.] 
I.-1 INTRODUCTION. 
T HE present paper is the result of a morphological and 
systematic study of three forms of Festuca rubra L., which 
had been observed by Professor (now Principal) Trow of the 
University College of South Wales (Cardiff), and grown in his 
garden side by side, maintaining their distinctness for several years. 
The interest of these forms was enhanced by their local 
economic importance (sward consisting of these grasses being in 
great request for bowling-greens, &c., and saleable at 6 d. per square 
yard, or £121 per acre, as a standing crop to be removed at the 
cost of the purchaser): by the difficulty of assigning the three forms 
to their proper positions in the current scheme of taxonomy; and 
by the interesting ecological relations of the habitats affected by 
them. 
11.—Systematic. 
It will be convenient to begin with a description of the 
forms included in Hackel’s Section Ovince of the genus Festuca 
which correspond with the plants variously known to English 
authors as Festuca oviua, duriuscula and rubra. 
1. Section OviN/E, Hackel. 
Radical sheaths not thickened at the base. Ligules very short, 
truncate, often biauriculate. Laminae either all complicate or 
those of the culm more or less flat; vernation conduplicate. 
Spikelets elliptical or oblong-elliptical. Fertile glumes narrow, 
margins scarious, in fruit the margins very involute. Ovary 
