264 
W. O. Howarth. 
obovate-oblong, glabrous, rarely sparingly hispidulous, style exactly 
terminal. Caryopsis oblong, pale, with deep ventral furrow, glume 
closely adherent, and mark of hilum extending nearly the whole 
length. 
Ttys section Hackel divides into two sub-sections. 
1. Intravaginales, characterised by their branches growing apo- 
geotropically that is, they grow up inside the sheath which subtends 
them and emerge from the top of the sheath where the latter passes 
into the lamina. Each bears a dorsal prophyll followed by normal 
leaves ( i.e having sheath and lamina). This includes nine species 
among which is F. ovina. 
2. Fxtravaginales and Mixta. Branches either all, or only the 
lower ones, diageotropic, growing out through the base of the sub¬ 
tending sheath, and up external to it. Dorsal prophyll very small 
and with a gradual transition through various scale-leaves to 
normal foliage leaves. In the typical Extravaginales all the 
branches are extravaginal; the Mixtae connect these with the 
Intravaginales. The three forms under investigation come in this 
intermediate group. Here Hackel places only two species, F. rubra 
L. sens, ampliss. and F. Porcii n.sp. 
2. Festuca rubra L. sens. ampl. 
Sheaths of the radical leaves all entire ; ligules glabrous. 
Further details which Hackel considers of importance in his 
description are : sheaths of the radical leaves on withering break 
up into irregular fibres, laminae persist after death, ligules the same 
throughout, scarious margins not producing auricles, those of 
cauline leaves not equally biauriculate or nearly uniauriculate. 
Following HackePs key to the sub-species and varieties one is 
led to subsp. eu-rubra and var. genuina. 
3. Subsp. eu-rubra. 
About as many intravaginal as extravaginal branches. Laminae 
obtuse; those of radical leaves obtusangled, 5 to 7 nerves, single 
sclerenchymatous strands corresponding to these on the lower 
surface, those of cauline leaves with motor cells clearly arranged. 
Var. 1 (6) genuina. Loosely caespitose, basal extravaginal 
branches creeping. Laminae difformed: radical complicate, and 
angulate, obtuse-hexagonal in trans. sect., sclerenchymatous bundles 
separately arranged, motor-cells absent; cauline flat. 
Seven sub-varieties of genuina are described :— 
a vulgaris. Tall, radical leaves soft, setaceous (0-6—07 mm. 
diam.) dark-green; panicle loose (6—15 cm. long). Spikelets 
