Distribution of the Flora in the Alpine Zone. 41 
From the standpoint of floristic richness these ten localities 
may he divided into two groups, five possessing about 100 to 114 
species, the other five about 140 to 173. 
But it is easy to satisfy oneself that the coefficients of com¬ 
munity of different pairs do not depend on the number of species. 
The pairs of localities belonging to the first group (1—4, 6) possess 
in round numbers the following coefficients;— 
land 2 ... 35% 2 and 3 ... 36% 3 and 4 ... 39% 
1 and 3 ... 40 2 and 4 ... 26 3 and 6 ... 27 
1 and 4 ... 40 2 and 6 ... 30 4 and 6 ... 27 
1 and 6 ... 21 
Average 32‘1% 
The coefficients of the pairs of the second group are :— 
5 and 
m 
7 
... 30% 
7 and 
8 ... 
26% 
8 and 9 ... 31^ 
5 and 
8 
... 38 
7 and 
9 ... 
27 
8 and 10 ... 38 
5 and 
9 
... 36 
7 and 
10 ... 
34 
9 and 10 ... 42 
5 and 10 ... 22 
Average 32-4% 
If the whole ten localities are taken in pairs the mean coefficient 
of the 45 pairs so obtained is also about 32% (actually 31 *5%). 
The lowest coefficient is 21% (between 1 with 101 species and 
7 with 103): the highest coefficients 39%, between 4 (99 species) and 
9(147 species): 40% between 1 (101 species) and 4 (99 species); 
and 42% between 9 (147 species) and 10 (150 species). 
But if the values of the coefficients of community do not 
depend on the floristic richness of the localities compared, they 
must have a relation with ecological characters of localities, 
though it is often impossible to observe any strict proportion 
between the degree of ecological resemblance or dissimilarity and 
the value of the coefficients. 
II. 
As a result of the comparison in pairs of our ten localities we 
have found that on the average a third of the species growing in 
two localities taken together are common to the two. 
In face of the relative constancy of this coefficient of com¬ 
munity we might suppose the existence of a group of ubiquitous 
species which are found in every locality and constitute a sort 
of permanent nucleus of community. But this is not the case. 
Of 370 species collected in our ten localities taken together, 108, or 
almost a third, have only been noted in a single locality, and 73, or 
about a fifth, in only two localities. There are only 10% of the 
