55 
The Killarney Lakes. 
countries come to mind. Calluna bushes I measured had a height of 
about 2 m., the tallest I found was 220 cm, high, giving the illusion of 
a “ Monte verde ” of the Canaries, or of the mountain heaths of 
Corsica, where Erica arborea and other species cover great tracts of 
country. 
How shall we account for all these phenomena ? Let me give 
the plant-list I made in this wood and then try to find an explanation. 
The Oak-holly-wood near the Upper Lake at Killarney had the 
following composition : (the underlying rock was Old Red Sand¬ 
stone). 
Quercus sessiliflora, d 1 . Hedera Helix, a. 
Ilex Aquifolium, sd. Viburnum Opulus, o. 
Arbutus Unedo, f. Taxus baccata, o. 
Rhododendron ponticum 
(subspontaneous), f. 
Hymenophyllum tunbridgense. 
Betula pubescens. 
Alnus rotundifolia. 
Salix cinerea. 
Hymenophyllum peltatum. 
Primus spinosa. 
Corylus Avellana. 
Sorbus aucuparia. 
Calluna vulgaris, a. 
Vaccinium Myrtillus, a. 
Erica cinerea, o. 
Luzula silvatica, sd. 
Agrostis tenuis, sd. 
Siegliugia decumbens, Id. 
5 phagnum acutifolium. 
„ cymbifolium. 
Dryopteris Filix-mas. 
„ amulet. 
„ spinulosa sub-sp. 
dilatata. 
Blechnum boreale. 
Polypodium vidgare. 
Osmunda regalis. 
Anthoxanthum odoratum. 
Brachypodium silvaticum. 
Dactyl is glomerata. 
Molinia ccerulea. 
Carex remota. 
„ pallescens. 
Sedum album. 
Saxifraga umbrosa, a. 
Pteridium aquilinum, a. 
Ulex Gallii, o. 
Potentilla erecta. 
Rubus spp. 
Geranium Robertianum. 
Oxalis Acetosella. 
Euphorbia hiberna. 
Viola silvestris v. pseudomirabilis. 
,, palustris. 
Circcea lutetiaua. 
Sanicula europcea. 
Teucrium Scorodonia. 
Scutellaria minor. 
Prunella vulgaris. 
Veronica officinalis. 
Melampyrum pratense v. hiaus. 
Lonicera Periclymenum. 
Succisa pratensis. 
Knautia arvensis. 
Solidago Virga-aurea. 
Centaurea n'wra. 
o 
Hypochoeris radicata. 
Southwest Ireland has a cool and very oceanic climate. These 
two factors constitute a great difficulty in the study of the ecology 
of the vegetation, as this climate tends to “ Cosmopolitanism,” i.e. 
vegetation of very different range occurs together. Types of 
' d .=dominant; sd.=sub-dominant; a=abundant; f=frequent; o=occasional. 
